April 29, 2011

In the Spotlight: Recent Disease Investigation from USGS National Wildlife Health Center

From the Latest USGS National Wildlife Health Center Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report - October 2010 to December 2010

Trematodiasis in Bowstring Lake (Minnesota)

Lesser Scaup
Photo Copyright Camden Hackworth /
Idaho Fish and Game
For the third consecutive year, Bowstring Lake [mapped] experienced avian mortalities in October and November due to intestinal trematode infections with Sphaeridiotrema globulus [fact sheet]and Cyathocoytle bushinesis [image]. Avian mortality due to intestinal trematodes was first detected at Bowstring Lake in 2008 and has been seen every year since.

In this 2010 mortality event, an estimated 1200 birds died; primarily lesser scaup and American coots. Avian mortality due to intestinal trematodes has been observed at nearby Lake Winnibigoshish [mapped] since 2005. Snail surveys conducted in the summer of 2008 at Lake Winnibigoshish found the invasive host snail, Bithynia tentaculata.

American Coots
Photo Credit: Terry Hartley,
Alabama Conservation and Natural Resources
Parasite infection rate for snails was between 0-93% with the highest prevalence occurring near shore. All 3 trematodes, S. globulus, C. bushinesis, and Legyonimus polyoon were detected and in some instances, a single snail was infected by more than 1 species of metacercariae, the intermediate life stage of the parasites.


Source: USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Quarterly Mortality Reports






More Resources

Michigan Dept of Natural Resources 
University of Minnesota
United States Geological Survey

April 28, 2011

TOP STORIES

Swindon Newts get Health Check

Swabs are being taken from the thighs of newts and toads in Swindon to determine whether they are carrying a fungal infection.
The chytrid fungus causes an infectious skin disease which has led to a decline in some amphibian species. Wiltshire Wildlife Trust says the survey will determine whether it is affecting creatures in the county.

Frogs do not appear to be affected by the fungus, the spokesman said.

The chytrid fungus causes chytridiomycosis, which has led to a decline in amphibian species in places including Australia, South American and parts of Spain.

Swindon Advertiser - www.swindonadvertiser.co.uk
26 Apr 2011
Location: Swindon, United Kingdom


Distemper Outbreak

Reports of raccoons acting strangely -- walking in circles, sunning themselves on backyard decks, and climbing hydro poles in broad daylight -- are on the increase across Norfolk following an outbreak of distemper.

The disease, which has symptoms similar to rabies, is highly contagious and almost always fatal in cats and dogs. It is not transferable to humans.

Local officials are warning residents to keep pets, which can be protected through vaccination, and children away from animals acting in this way. It's not unusual to get a few reports of distemper in the spring, but "it's insane this year," said Denise Boniface of Bryden's Den Wildlife Centre in Port Ryerse, who rescues and rehabilitates orphaned wildlife.

"I got four calls on the weekend. Normally, I'd get four calls a year. Since January, I've had 12 calls."

The jump in cases is part of a "wave" of distemper that has been moving eastward across Ontario since the autumn of 2009, said Ben Hindmarsh, a fish and wildlife specialist with the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources in Aylmer.


The Expositor - www.brantfordexpositor.ca
27 Apr 2011
D Pearce
Location: Port Ryerse, Ontario, Canada - Map It
]



OTHER WILDLIFE RELATED HEALTH NEWS

April 27, 2011

Wildlife Disease Journal Digest



Browse complete Digest publication library here.


Understanding risk perceptions to enhance communication about human-wildlife interactions and the impacts of zoonotic disease
ILAR J. 2010;51(3):255-61.
Special Issue: One Health: The Intersection of Humans, Animals, and the Environment
DJ Decker et al.

Pollutants affect development in nestling starlings Sturnus vulgaris
Journal of Applied Ecology. 2011 Apr; 48(2):391–397
S Markman et al.

Avian influenza virus risk assessment in falconry
Virology Journal. 2011 Apr; 8(1): 187
A Kohls et al.

Atomic structures suggest determinants of transmission barriers in Mammalian prion disease
Biochemistry. 2011 Apr 5;50(13):2456-63. Epub 2011 Mar 11.
MI Apostol et al.


Wildlife Middle East - March 2011
Volume 5, Issue 4

Emerging Infectious Diseases - May 2011
Volume 17, Number 5

Wildlife Disease Association - April 2011
[pdf]

SCWDS (Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study) Briefs
Volume 26, Number 4 [pdf]

One Health Newsletter - Winter 2011

Volume 4, Issue 1 [pdf]





Diseases of Aquatic Organisms - April 2011
Volume 95, Number 2

Caring for Wildlife in Ireland
Veterinary Ireland Journal. 2011 Feb; 64(2): 98 - 103 [free full-text pdf]
J Hedley and E Higgs

The anthropogenic environment lessens the intensity and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Balinese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Primates. 2011 Apr;52(2):117-28. Epub 2010 Dec 17.
KE Lane et al.

The Ecology of Influenza A Virus in Wild Birds in Southern Africa
EcoHealth. 2011; [Epub ahead of print]
GS Cummings et al.

Elk distribution and spatial overlap with livestock during the brucellosis transmission risk period
Journal of Applied Ecology. 2011 Apr; 48(2):471–478
KM Proffitt et al.


Top Stories - News Briefs


April 26, 2011

TOP STORIES

Shark deaths in Redwood City spur search for cause

At least a dozen leopard sharks have been found dead or dying within the past several days in bayfront lagoons in Redwood City, putting local researchers on alert for some kind of infection or toxic discharge in San Francisco Bay.

The deaths, including both juvenile and adult sharks, appear isolated and far less serious than previous die-offs in 2006 and 2007, which left shark carcasses strewn all over the bay, officials said. Shark experts fear there may be more of the strikingly patterned creatures floundering in Bay Area waterways and succumbing to pollution and disease.

San Francisco Chronicle - www.sfgate.com (source: Promed Mail)
22 April 2011

K Zito

Location: Redwood City, California, USA - Map It
]
Photo courtesy of San Francisco Chronicle


Other California Morbidity/Mortality News



Swabs taken from newts and toads in Wiltshire survey


Swabs are being taken from the thighs of newts and toads in Wiltshire to determine whether they are carrying a fungal infection.

... Wiltshire Wildlife Trust says the survey will determine whether it is affecting creatures in the county. ... Swabbing took place at Abbey Meads Primary school in Swindon on Thursday and is due to take place at Smallbrook Meadow Nature Reserve near Warminster next month.

The survey is run by the Zoological Society of London and funded by Natural England, Countryside Council for Wales and Scottish Natural Heritage.

BBC News - www.bbc.co.uk
23 Apr 2011
Location: Wiltshire, South West England



CWD travelling Red Deer River corridor

The problem of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in deer in Alberta is getting closer to home. This season there were 19 deer identified among more than 5,000 hunter–killed deer tested in Alberta. Four of these were discovered along the Red Deer River near Dinosaur Provincial Park. They are the furthest west cases discovered yet.

Alberta Fish and Wildlife officer Byron Jensen said these discoveries are close to the southern border of Wildlife Management Unit (WMU) 160, which comes up to Drumheller.

...In 2005, the first case of CWD in wild mule deer was discovered near Acadia Valley. The province stepped up its surveillance, and through culls and hunter cooperation, began testing killed animals along the Alberta-Saskatchewan border. Hunters in the area were required to submit the heads of their prey to be tested and coordinates as to where it was killed. Jensen said it has been established that the Red Deer River is a movement corridor for deer and the disease.

The Drumheller Mail - www.drumhellermail.com
23 Apr 2011
P Kolafa
Location: Drumheller, Alberta, Canada


Other CWD News


Pigeons helpful in detecting dangerous lead levels in environment

Love them or hate them, the city's pigeons deserve some respect.

So says a leading Manhattan avian veterinarian who is testing hundreds of the feral birds in an effort to prove that lead contamination exists within the city's environment.

...While the pigeons can't transmit the lead, she said the birds can act as surveyors of contamination, offering scientists an excellent way to track lead in the urban environment.

... Their goal is to test at least 300 feral pigeons on the streets of Manhattan. Similar studies in Japan and the Netherlands have shown pigeons are excellent surveyors of contamination sources.

NY Daily News - www.nydailynews.com
23 Apr 2011
A Sacks
Location: Manhattan, New York, USA
Photo courtesy of NY Daily News



White nose syndrome continues devastating march west

DeeAnn Reeder, a biologist at Bucknell University and leading white nose syndrome researcher, ran experiments trying to determine exactly why bats are dying, and looking into possible preventive measures.

She and colleagues ran an experiment in a mine shaft near Allentown to see if anything could prevent the growth of the fungus. They built mesh cages and put bottles of different compounds underneath, with the idea that the evaporating liquids might protect the bats in the cages above.

Instead, the cages made the bats a target for a different threat: raccoons.

... Reeder, Turner and others from around the country will meet in Arkansas next month to share research from experiments conducted during this winter's hibernation.

News Works - www.newsworks.org
25 Apr 2011
C Beeler
Location: Pennsylvania, USA


More WNS News


OTHER WILDLIFE RELATED HEALTH NEWS

Interdisciplinary Efforts

Huh? That's Interesting
It Ain't All Bad

April 25, 2011

TOP STORIES


Bird Flu Kills Wild Swans in SE Mongolia

Three swans found dead on a lake in south-east Mongolia, near the border with China, were infected with H5 subtype of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus.

The veterinary authority sent an Immediate Notification dated 19 April to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE).

The report describes the finding of three Whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) on 5 April at Zegst lake at Dariganga soum in Sükhbaatar province. The disease is reported to be subclinical and the birds have died.

The Poultry Site - www.thepoultrysite.com
20 Apr 2011
Location: Dariganga, Suhbaatar, Mongolia - Map It


>>>FULL ARTICLE
OIE Report



Dead, injured pelicans appearing on Topsail beaches again

After months without reports, badly injured and dead pelicans have begun to show back up on Topsail Island over the last 10 days, according to officials. “We’ve had several calls and we have been responding and we are trying to figure out what may be causing the injuries,” said Sara Schweitzer, a biologist with North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.

In each incident, the otherwise healthy-looking birds had their wings broken, she said. Most of the birds reported to her have come from the southern end of Topsail Island.

“We were able to get one that was still alive — that was last week — and this week we have gotten one other (alive),” she said. “The wings were broken so badly we had to euthanize them.” Schweitzer said agencies, including N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, have been notified.

Jacksonville Daily News - www.jdnews.com
22 Apr 2011
S Ulbrich
Location: Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA - Map It



>>>FULL ARTICLE



Satellite tracking of sea turtles reveals potential threat posed by manmade chemicals

The first research to actively analyze adult male sea turtles (Caretta caretta) using satellite tracking to link geography with pollutants has revealed the potential risks posed to this threatened species by manmade chemicals. The research, published today in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, examines the different levels of chemicals in the blood of both migratory and residential turtles.

"The risks posed by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remain largely a mystery for threatened loggerhead sea turtles," said lead author Jared Ragland from the College of Charleston, South Carolina. "A clear understanding of these risks is critical for wildlife managers trying to maintain both the health of reproductively active individuals and a sustainable population overall."

Twenty-nine turtles were captured near Port Canaveral, Florida and fitted with satellite transmitters as part of a National Marine Fisheries Service-funded project. Blood was analyzed for traces of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and toxaphenes, chemicals documented to have carcinogenic and neurodevelopmental effects.

Eurekalert - www.eurekalert.org
19 Apr 2011
B Norman


>>>FULL ARTICLE


National Wildlife Health Center investigates animal diseases


In a basement laboratory, Carol Meteyer places a dead tri-colored bat on an elevated table. Covered in protective gear, she resembles a surgeon calculating where to make the first cut. Meteyer, a wildlife pathologist, is responsible for performing a necropsy — an autopsy for animals. Working with an assistant, she carefully slices paper-thin pieces from the bat's wing for testing.

The small bat, brought to the center from Indiana, shows remnants of white fungal growth on its body. Meteyer's job is to determine whether it perished from white-nose syndrome, a disease decimating bat populations across the United States.

"I really like the mystery of it," says Meteyer. "I think it's a privilege to be able to look at the animals on the table, look at all the tissues under the microscope, pull together what's happening, get the lab data and get that story. I like that creative part of it in addition to the intellectual challenge."

It's important work. As pollinators and consumers of insects, cave bats play an invaluable role in local ecosystems and agricultural industries. Meteyer and her colleagues at the National Wildlife Health Center in Madison are experts at identifying the fungus responsible for white-nose syndrome. It was the first lab in the country to do it.

The Isthmus - www.isthmus.com
21 Apr 2011
M English


>>>FULL ARTICLE

OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
Photo courtesy of The Guardian - Week in Wildlife
Chronic Wasting Disease
White nose syndrome
Huh? That’s Interesting!

April 22, 2011

In the Spotlight: Earth Day

Celebrate Earth Day – Today and Every Day


Gaylord Nelson, a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, started Earth Day to bring attention to environmental issues. It was first celebrated on April 22, 1970. Twenty years later, environmental advocate Dennis Hayes expanded the campaign worldwide through the Earth Day Network by broadening and diversifying the movement. Every year, over 190 countries celebrate Earth Day, and in 2009, the United Nations officially designated April 22 as International Mother Earth Day.


More than 1 billion people now participate in Earth Day activities each year, making it the single largest civic observance in the world. Many of these environmentally-minded citizens give their time and energy throughout the entire year to environmental programs or to citizen science projects, ranging from large national initiatives to small localized neighborhood efforts.


There are a number of volunteer projects that specifically monitor wildlife. Listed below are a few of these programs, which are either supported by the Wildlife Disease Information Node or by our colleagues in the wildlife health community. If you want to help promote a healthy ecosystem, volunteer with one of the programs below or a similar program in your area!



Avian Monitoring for Botulism Lakeshore Events (AMBLE) - http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/mortality_events/amble
Monitor bird health and beach conditions along the Lake Michigan shoreline in Door County, Wisconsin to increase the knowledge of avian botulism trends. Training sessions are scheduled to begin in May.

Butterflies and Moths - http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org
Share your sightings or photographs of moths and butterflies. The information collected, such as species occurrences and life histories, will be used to form or address research questions.

Garden BirdWatch - http://www.bto.org/volunteer-surveys/gbw
Collect observations of birds or other garden wildlife online that will help researchers answer important questions about how, why and when birds and other wildlife use gardens.

HealthMap - http://healthmap.org
Enter reports online or with a smartphone about sightings of illness in people, domestic animals, or wildlife to build a more comprehensive view of the global state of infectious disease for public health officials and other interested groups.

Maine Audubon Wildlife Road Watch - http://www.wildlifecrossing.net/maine
Record your observations of road-kill wildlife. Scientists will use this data to make Maine's state roads more wildlife-friendly and thereby reduce wildlife deaths and increase safety for people and animals.

Pollinators Monitoring Programs - http://tinyurl.com/pollinators-volunteer
Join one of the many citizen science pollinator monitoring projects and help scientists gather more data from a larger area than they could do on their own.

Seabird Ecological Assessment Network (SEANET) - http://www.tufts.edu/vet/seanet/volunteer.html
Choose a section of the Atlantic coastline to walk regularly and report your findings on beach conditions and seabird mortality. The information collected will be used to identify and mitigate threats to marine birds.

Wildlife Health Event Reporter (WHER) – http://www.wher.org
Report wildlife health observations online or with a smartphone to help researchers better understand wildlife disease occurrences, which inturn may lead to more effective disease control and prevention.

Sources:
* Wikipedia - Earth Day
* Earth Day Network - Earth Day: The History of A Movement

Other Volunteer Programs?


Do you have a volunteer program you want to promote? Send us a link the program’s website and we will share it with our readers.

April 21, 2011

TOP STORIES


Officials determine 'duck plague' is killing ducks at Crescent Lake

Walking along the edge of Crescent Lake this week, Mike Flanagan found something that has become a concern around this close-knit neighborhood: dead ducks.

In recent weeks, more than 25 ducks have died along the shores of the lake just north of downtown. Then on Sunday, fish started floating to the surface. Also dead.

"This is not normal," said Flanagan, president of the Crescent Lake Neighborhood Association. "Obviously our concern is, could we lose all the animals on the lake?"

On Tuesday, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission performed a necropsy on one of the dead ducks. The culprit: duck virus enteritis. Also known as duck plague.

The Crescent Lake outbreak is the second in the past month. In March, 10 dead ducks turned up in a retention pond at Tyrone Boulevard and Park Street. … Residents of Crescent Lake first noticed four dead native mallards about four weeks ago. Since that time, all of the dead ducks have been Muscovies. These non-native species are more susceptible to the disease than mallards or geese.

St. Petersburg Times - www.tampabay.com
20 Apr 2011
L Anton
Location: Saint Peterburg, Florida, USA - Map It


>>>FULL ARTICLE



Europe's wildlife under threat from nitrogen

An international study published today warns that nitrogen pollution, resulting from industry and agriculture, is putting wildlife in Europe's at risk. More than 60 per cent of the EU's most important wildlife sites receive aerial nitrogen pollution inputs above sustainable levels.

There is evidence of impacts on semi-natural grasslands, heathlands and forests across Europe. This threat is set to continue unless there is further action on emissions of polluting nitrogen gases.

The study calls for a unified methodology of assessing the impact of aerial nitrogen pollution across Europe to help in efforts to safeguard significant conservation sites.

Dr Kevin Hicks, of the SEI at the University of York, said: "While the nitrogen impacts on plant species are relatively well understood its effects on other wildlife, such as butterflies, and the consequent implications for biodiversity are not so clear."

EurekAlert - www.eurekalert.org
13 Apr 2011
D Garner


>>>FULL ARTICLE



Mercury on the Rise in Endangered Pacific Seabirds

Using 120 years of feathers from natural history museums in the United States, Harvard University researchers have been able to track increases in the neurotoxin methylmercury in the black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes), an endangered seabird that forages extensively throughout the Pacific.

The study has important implications for both environmental and public health, say the authors. "The Pacific in particular warrants high conservation concern as more threatened seabird species inhabit this region than any other ocean," said lead author Anh-Thu Vo, who did her research while an undergraduate at Harvard and is currently a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley. "Given both the high levels of methylmercury that we measured in our most recent samples and regional levels of emissions, mercury bioaccumulation and toxicity may undermine reproductive effort in this species and other long-lived, endangered seabirds."

Science Daily - www.sciencedaily.com
20 Apr 2011


>>>FULL ARTICLE

Cited Journal Article
Anh-Thu E. Vo, et al. Temporal increase in organic mercury in an endangered pelagic seabird assessed by century-old museum specimens. PNAS 2011; published ahead of print April 18, 2011, 10.1073/pnas.1013865108.


Another fish kill has puzzled scientists


FIn Ventura County, a mass of sardines that crowded into the harbor has died. The harbormaster found the dead fish on Monday after about 1,000 sardines turned up near the shopping center at Ventura Harbor's south end.

Live sardines had crowded the area for a week and harbor officials lowered aerators into the water — just like aquarium keepers might pump in air — with the aim of saving some sardines.

Observers say the fish looked as if they ran out of oxygen. Volunteers skimmed up 6 tons of fish in Ventura so far, and if this story sounds familiar, it's because early last month about 175 tons of sardines turned up dead in King Harbor in Redondo Beach.

Southern California Public Radio - www.scpr.org
19 Apr 2011
Location: Ventura Harbor, California, USA - Map It

M Peterson


>>>FULL ARTICLE

Other domoic acid poisoning news:
Domoic acid poisoning could be the culprit in Dolphin's deaths


OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
White-nose syndromeHuh?! That's Interesting

April 20, 2011

Wildlife Disease Journal Digest



Browse complete Digest publication library here.


Fate of Prions in Soil: A Review
Journal of Environmental Quality. 2011 Mar; 40(2):449-461
CB Smith et al.

Development of the England Wildlife Health Strategy - a framework for decision makers
Vet Rec. 2011 Feb 12;168(6):158. Epub 2011 Feb 7. doi:10.1136/vr.c4401
M Hartley and R Lysons
DNA-based detection of the fungal pathogen Geomyces destructans in soil from bat hibernacula
Mycologia. 2011 Mar; 103(2): 241-246. doi:10.3852/10-262
DL Lindner et al.

Implementing telemetry on new species in remote areas: recommendations from a large-scale satellite tracking study of African waterfowl
Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology. 2011 Apr; 82(1): 17 - 26
J Cappelle et al.

Frontiers in climate change-disease research
Trends Ecol Evol. 2011 Apr 8. [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.002
JR Rohr et al.

Transmission of Avian Influenza A Viruses among Species in an Artificial Barnyard
PLoS One. 2011 Mar 31;6(3):e17643. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017643
JE Achenbach and RA Bowen

Mitigating Amphibian Disease: Strategies to maintain wild populations and control chytridiomycosis
2011 Apr 18;8(1):8. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1186/1742-9994-8-8
DC Woodhams et al.

Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in predatory birds: Probabilistic characterisation of toxic liver concentrations and implications for predatory bird populations in Canada
Environ Int. 2011 Apr 8. [Epub ahead of print]
PJ Thomas et al.


GeoHealth - US Geological Survey Environmental Health Newsletter
GeoHealth. 2010/2011 Winter; 8(2)
US Geological Survey

Wildlife value orientations and demographics in The Netherlands
European Journal of Wildlife Research. 2011; [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1007/s10344-011-0531-0
JJ Vaske et al.

Avian Pathology
Volume 40, Issue 2

Win-Win for Wind and Wildlife: A Vision to Facilitate Sustainable Development
PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(4): e17566. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017566
JM Kiesecker et al.

GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES AND THEIR PREVALENCE IN THE ARABIAN RED FOX (Vulpes vulpes arabica) FROM THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Veterinary Parasitology. 2011; [Epub ahead of print]
AN Alagaili et al.

Virological surveillance and phylogenetic analysis of the PB2 genes of influenza viruses isolated from wild water birds flying from their nesting lakes in Siberia to Hokkaido, Japan in autumn
Jpn J Vet Res. 2011 Feb;59(1):15-22.
RA Samad et al.

Selective isolation of Avian influenza virus (AIV) from cloacal samples containing AIV and Newcastle disease virus
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2011 Mar;23(2):330-2.
ME El Zowalaty et al.

Investigation of the effects of experimental autolysis on the detection of abnormal prion protein in lymphoid and central nervous system tissues from elk and sheep using the Western blotting method
Can J Vet Res. 2011 Jan;75(1):69-72.
H Huang et al.

Top Stories - News Briefs

April 19, 2011

TOP STORIES

Deadly bat-fungus shows up in Nova Scotia

The brown bat population in Nova Scotia is at risk of being wiped out if a lethal fungus spreads throughout the province.

The Department of Natural Resources has reported its first case of white-nose syndrome, a fungus that can grow on the ears, nose and wings of hibernating bats.

Nova Scotia is now the fourth province to see signs of the devastating illness.

Global Saskatoon - www.globalsaskatoon.com
18 Apr 2011
N Logan
Photo Credit: Mike Groll, AP Photo
Location: Hants County, Nova Scotia, Canada - Map It


>>>FULL ARTICLE

Related News
>>>Deadly bat disease found in Garrett cave - Garrett County, Maryland, USA - Map It
>>>Fatal bat fungus found in W.Va.'s New River Gorge - New River Gorge, Fayette County, West Virginia, USA - Map It
>>>Montana cavers wary of closures due to bat disease [Montana]
>>>Group wants Glenwood caving convention kept topside [Colorado]



Potent New Rat Poisons Killing California Wildlife

Outside Palm Desert, a young bobcat dies mysteriously at a nature preserve. South of Nevada City, a farmer finds an owl dead near his decoy shed.

In San Rafael, a red-shouldered hawk bleeds heavily from its mouth and nose before succumbing at an animal care center.

Each of those incidents shares a link to a widely used toxin that is turning up at dangerous levels in wildlife across California: rat poison.

Sacramento Bee - www.sacbee.com
17 Apr 2011
T Knudson
Photo credit: Randall Benton


>>>FULL ARTICLE



Pacific salmon may be dying from leukemia-type virus

In Canada's Fraser River, a mysterious illness has killed millions of Pacific salmon, and scientists have a new hypothesis about why: The wild salmon are suffering from viral infections similar to those linked to some forms of leukemia and lymphoma.

For 60 years before the early 1990s, an average of nearly 8 million wild salmon returned from the Pacific Ocean to the Fraser River each year to spawn.

Now the salmon industry is in a state of collapse, with mortality rates ranging from 40 percent to 95 percent.

Miami Herald - www.miamiherald.com
17 Apr 2011
R Hotakainen


>>>FULL ARTICLE



New Pollutants: Flame Retardants Detected in Peregrine Falcon Eggs

Flame retardants are chemical compounds added to fabrics and plastics to keep them from burning easily, but these can be toxic.

Now a team of researchers from Spain and Canada has detected some of these emerging pollutants for the first time in peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) eggs in both countries.

"The presence of 'dechlorane plus' and other related, chlorinated compounds used as flame retardants have been detected for the first time in the European biota (flora and fauna of the region)," explains Ethel Eljarrat, co-author of the study and scientist at the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Studies (IDAEA-CSIC, Spain).

ScienceDaily - www.sciencedaily.com
18 Apr 2011
Location: Spain and Canada
Photo Credit: Mike Baird


>>>FULL ARTICLE

Cited Journal Article
>>>P. Guerra et al. Dechlorane Plus and Related Compounds in Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)Eggs from Canada and Spain. Environmental Science & Technology. 2011 Jan 11; 45 (4): 1284-1290.



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
Photo Credit: Michael Cramer Madison

April 18, 2011

TOP STORIES

E. coli found in creek where fish died

High concentrations of E. coli bacteria have been found in Hog Creek in southern Leavenworth County, state health officials said Thursday.

The state issued a health advisory Wednesday because several fish died, but it was unclear then what caused the problem.

The advisory applies to the area between 158th Street and Kansas Avenue and 171st Street and Parallel Road.

Kansas City Star - www.kansascity.com
14 Apr 2011
D Bormann
Location: Hog Creek, Kansas, USA - Map It



Precipitation, predators may be key in ecological regulation of infectious disease

A little information can go a surprisingly long way when it comes to understanding rodent-borne infectious disease, as shown by a new study led by John Orrock from UW-Madison.

Mouse populations on California’s Channel Islands, including San Miguel island shown here, harbor high levels of a highly virulent hantavirus called Sin Nombre Virus that can be transmitted to humans. A new study by John Orrock at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and colleagues shows that the prevalence of Sin Nombre in island rodent populations may be correlated with precipitation, island size and shape, and the diversity of predators.

The researchers studied wild deer mouse populations on the Channel Islands off the southern coast of California, which carry a variant of hantavirus called Sin Nombre virus. In their study appearing in the May issue of the journal American Naturalist, they show that just three ecological factors — rainfall, predator diversity, and island size and shape — can account for nearly all of the differences in infection rates among the eight islands.

The study also provides some of the first evidence to support a recent hypothesis that predators play an important ecological role in regulating disease — sometimes known as the "predators are good for your health" hypothesis.

UW-Madison - news.wisc.edu
14 Apr 2011
J Sakai

Cited Journal Article
JL Orrock, BF Allan. Sin Nombre Virus Infection in Deer Mice, Channel Islands, California. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2008 Dec; 14(12).


Bats at Fantastic Caverns not affected by White Nose disease

Fantastic Caverns in Springfield has announced that its bat population has not been impacted by White Nose Syndrome disease.

White Nose Syndrome disease is plaguing bats throughout the east and northeast United States, but no cases have emerged from any caves, mines or bat colonies in the Springfield area, the release said. WNS attacks the bats during the months of November through March, when bats hibernate and are inactive.

At Fantastic Caverns, management has been actively monitoring the cave which is home to a small population of eastern pipistrelle bats, according to the release. Daily inspections are conducted, seeking any evidence of sick, dying or dead bats.

News-Leader - www.news-leader.com
15 Apr 2011
Location: Springfield, Missouri, USA



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
Photo courtesy of The Guardian - Week in Wildlife

April 15, 2011

In the Spotlight: Top Links in 2010 from the WDIN Website

NBII Wildlife Disease Information Node (WDIN) 2010 Web Stats
What are Visitors Finding Useful?


The WDIN staff continuously monitors numerous web sources for useful, new content to add to our online collection of wildlife disease related resources, such as maps, reports, images and web pages. On average, WDIN staff adds about 4-6 new items to the site collection each month. Looking back over 2010, the resources listed below have been the most popular with WDIN users.

  1. Wildlife Health Event Reporter (WHER) Web Application
  2. Wildlife Disease Investigation Manual, Third Edition
  3. DEFRA - England Wildlife Health Strategy
  4. USGS NWHC - Fact Sheet on Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change on Wildlife Health
  5. National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center Website
  6. EWDA Network for Wildlife Health Surveillance in Europe: Summary of Data Presented at the Inaugural Meeting - Brussels, 15 October 2009
  7. WDIN's Wildlife Health Newsmaker Interviews [Web page]
  8. Avian Flu: The disease in birds [Video]
  9. Presentation slides for "Climate Change: Contributions to Emergence, Reemergence and Spread of Infectious Disease"
  10. USGS NWHC - White-nose Syndrome News RSS Feed

How Can You Learn about What’s New on the WDIN Website?

Visitors can quickly view the last 10 items that were added to the site from the WDIN home page, under the section Current Content and News (see Figure 1). RSS users can subscribe to the New Content RSS feed provided at the website here and automatically receive updates in their feed readers (e.g. Google Reader and Bloglines).

Non-RSS users can also take advantage of this feed, but will have to monitor it manually. This can be done by visiting the WDIN RSS webpage and clicking on the [Subscribe] link. A new window will display the last 20 items added to the site (see Figure 2). You will not be subscribed unless you take additional actions. The same steps can be applied to view content from the other available RSS feeds.

WDIN provides a number of feeds that can be used to monitor new content added to our web-based services, e.g. Meetings and Events Calendar, Global Wildlife Disease News Map, and Wildlife Disease Journal Digest. Additional feeds, such as Top Ten Resources Last Month or Hidden Gems, offer even more ways to explore the site’s contents. You will find the entire collection of feeds here.




Can You Help Expand our Collection?


With help from the wildlife health community, WDIN can more quickly expand the site collection. By suggesting valuable wildlife disease related resources to the WDIN staff, community members assist the WDIN by increasing the amount of quality materials we add to our site each month.

If you know of a very useful resource that every wildlife professional should know about, consider sharing it with your colleagues through the WDIN website. Simply email the url to us at digest@wdin.org for review. We will index the resource so that it can be seen on the website and through the RSS feeds.

April 14, 2011

TOP STORIES

Fatal bat disease confirmed in Kentucky

The Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources (KDFWR) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) have detected the presence of white-nose syndrome (WNS) in Trigg County, in southwest Kentucky.

A suspect little brown bat from a cave in Trigg County, about 30 miles southeast of Paducah, Ky., was submitted to the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study (SCWDS) in Athens, Ga., who confirmed the disease.

... Kentucky was the first state to develop a response plan to address WNS both before and after its arrival in the state.

Almost 100 hibernacula were checked throughout Kentucky during the winter. The Trigg County cave was one of five revisited by scientists upon confirmation of WNS in Ohio. These hibernacula were rechecked due to their known proximity to infected sites in adjacent states. The privately-owned Trigg County cave is used as a hibernaculum by six species, including the endangered Indiana bat, and is a summer roost for the endangered gray bats.

Surrounding caves were checked within a 16 mile radius and no additional infected sites were found. Measures were taken to limit the spread of WNS beyond the Trigg County cave that is regularly used as a hibernaculum by more than 2,000 bats. These included removing and euthanizing 60 highly suspect little brown bats and tri-colored bats as they were not expected to survive.

Bats collected will be used to provide critical information to researchers. Under the direction of KDFWR’s veterinarian, Dr. Aaron Hecht, staff from SCWDS collected samples from the bats. “A better understanding of the disease process will enhance our ability to respond to outbreaks,” said Hecht.

Kentucky Dept of Fish and Wildlife Resources - fw.ky.gov/newsrelease
13 Apr 2011
Location: Paducah, Kentucky, USA - Map It


Other White-Nose Syndrome News


16 dolphins washed ashore dead in Pondy


Sixteen long-nosed dolphins were washed ashore dead at three places along the Puducherry coast on Monday. It has raised concern among environmentalists as it is the 20th instance in 16 months of protected marine mammals being washed ashore dead or alive.

On an average, about 250 dolphins are washed shore dead or alive every year, said Dr R S Lal Mohan, retired principal scientist of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI).

A team of officials led by deputy conservator of forests Dr A Anil Kumar visited the hamlets and inspected the dead mammals. Veterinary doctors conducted postmortem examinations and buried 15 dolphins. One carcass was sent to Rajiv Gandhi College of Veterinary Sciences here for detailed analysis.

The dolphins measured between two-and-a-half feet and five feet. Ten were females of which two were found to be pregnant.

Experts in the veterinary college here will undertake further histopathological studies to ascertain the cause of death. The forest department will also seek the opinion of the scientists at CMFRI in Chennai. "Our analysis revealed that the mammals did not suffer from major diseases and only a detailed analysis will throw more light on the cause of death," Kumar said.

The Times of India - timesofindia.indiatimes.com
13 Apr 2011
Location: Puducherry Coast, India - Map It ]

>>> FULL ARTICLE

OIE Final Report: Avian influenza, Israel, H5N1

  • A Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus) with respiratory signs was found in the wild. It was brought to the wildlife veterinary hospital where it died a few hours afterwards. The body was sent to the Avian Laboratory of the Kimron Veterinary Institute. Note by the OIE Animal Health Information Department: This outbreak is located into Israeli Settlements in the West Bank.

  • The sick bird had no contact with other birds since it was discovered till its death. The cage has been disinfected. Some other wild birds, staying in the Wildlife Veterinary Hospital, were sampled and put under quarantine.


OIE World Health Informaiton Database (WAHID) - web.oie.int/wahis (source: ProMed Mail)
11 Apr 2011
Location: Jericho, Israel - Map It


OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS

Photo courtesy of Science Daily

It Ain't All Bad

April 13, 2011

Wildlife Disease Journal Digest

Browse complete Digest publication library here.


Avian influenza: Eco-epidemiological aspects of the virus in its natural
hosts, the migratory waterfowls

Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. 2010; 83: 543-556 [pdf]
M Montalvo-Corral et al.

Migratory movements of waterfowl in Central Asia and avian influenza emergence: sporadic transmission of H5N1 from east to west
IBIS. 2011 APR; 153(2): 279–292. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01095.x
SA Iverson et al.

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in 3 Wildlife Species, San Diego, California, USA
Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Apr;17(4):747-9. doi:10.3201/eid1704.101355
MD Schrenzel et al.

An unusual H5N2 avian Influenza virus escapes current diagnosis detection
J. Clin. Microbiol. 2011; [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1128/JCM.00479-11
FX Briand et al.

Impact of the California Lead Ammunition Ban on Reducing Lead Exposure in Golden Eagles and Turkey Vultures
PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(4): e17656. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017656
TR Kelly et al.

Lead Exposure in Free-Flying Turkey Vultures Is Associated with Big Game Hunting in California
PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(4): e15350. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015350
TR Kelly and CK Johnson

Virological and molecular epidemiological investigations into the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of influenza A/H5N1 in central Thailand
Veterinary Microbiology. 2011 Mar; 148(1-2): 213-218
J Siengsanan-Lamont et al.


Annual Survival of House Finches in Relation to West Nile Virus
The Condor. 2011; 113(1): 233-238. doi: 10.1525/cond.2011.090233
AR Pellegrini et al.

Pathology of mycotic gastritis in a wild Indian freshwater/marsh crocodile (Mugger; Crocodylus palustris): a case report
Veterinarni Medicina. 2011; 56: 135-139
RVS Pawaiya et al.

Maintenance, spillover and spillback transmission of bovine tuberculosis in multi-host wildlife complexes: A New Zealand case study
Veterinary Microbiology. 2011; [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.02.023
G Nugent

Emergence and establishment of Usutu virus infection in wild and captive avian species in and around Zurich, Switzerland—Genomic and pathologic comparison to other central European outbreaks
Veterinary Microbiology. 2011 MAR; 148(2-4): 207-212. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.09.018
HW Steinmetz et al.

Pathology of tissue loss (white syndrome) in Acropora sp. corals from the Central Pacific
J Invertebr Pathol. 2011 Mar 29. [Epub ahead of print]
TM Work and GS Aeby


Top Stories - News Briefs