January 31, 2013

Sea lion pup disease death worries ranger and other wildlife disease news stories


TOP STORIES

Sea lion pup disease death worries ranger

There are fresh concerns about the fate of the critically-endangered New Zealand sea lion, with disease found to have struck down Dunedin's latest arrival.

The Department of Conservation has confirmed a two-week-old young female sea lion died from klebsiella, a disease that affects the heart and lungs.

Massey University was unable to determine what caused the pup, born to female sea lion Gem, to get sick.... However, the worry was increased by the fact that disease was something new in the Dunedin sea lion population.
New Zealand Sea Lion Trust scientist Shaun McConkey said young sea lions dying from disease was something new.

stuff.co.nz - www.stuff.co.nz
30 Jan 2013
W McCorkindale
Location: Dunedin, New Zealand - Map It



White-nose syndrome confirmed in bat at Onondaga Cave in Crawford County

Missouri State Parks has received confirmation that a bat found in the entrance of Onondaga Cave at Onondaga Cave State Park in Crawford County has tested positive with white-nose syndrome.... The U.S. Geological Survey's National Wildlife Health Center confirmed the bat had the disease described as a white fungus, or Geomyces destructans, which is typically found on the faces and wings of infected bats.

The Rolla Daily News - www.therolladailynews.com
28 Jan 2013
Location: Onondaga Cave State Park, Missouri, USA - Map It



Why are Minn. moose dying? Answer sought in Voyageurs Park

... With 220,000 acres that largely contain lakes and remote, inaccessible wilderness, Voyageurs National Park is big country to cover. With that in mind, researchers have attached GPS collars to 16 moose in the park. The devices could help researchers determine why moose in northeastern Minnesota are dying.

As federal wildlife biologists are wrapping up the first phase of a moose study at Voyageurs National Park, the state Department of Natural Resources plans to collar and track 100 moose in the Arrowhead region to solve the mystery. It will be the largest moose study ever conducted in the state.

... Along with parasites, disease and changing habitat, many scientists agree climate change is a contributing factor. The state's average annual temperature is about two degrees warmer than it was in 1895. Scientists project it will warm another five to nine degrees by the end of the century.

Minnesota Public Radio - minnesota.pulicradio.org
29 Jan 2013
T Robertson
Location: Minnesota, USA




OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
Bird Health News
Marine Mammal News
Chronic Wasting Disease News
One Health News Corner
It Ain't All Bad News

January 29, 2013

Kiwi research to prevent and treat disease and other wildlife disease news

TOP STORIES

Kiwi research to prevent and treat disease

New research by a Wildbase Hospital veterinarian will help combat the parasitic disease coccidiosis that affects kiwi in captivity.  This comes as Wildbase announces a major ten-year partnership with Shell New Zealand that will significantly improve conservation outcomes for New Zealand.

Massey University wildlife veterinarian Kerri Morgan has learned valuable information about the parasite’s biology and how it interacts with kiwi that will now directly affect the conservation management of the species. The parasite infects the gastrointestinal and renal system and can result in death.

“We see and treat quite a few cases of coccidiosis at Wildbase and we recognised it was a major health problem in the conservation management of kiwi,” Ms Morgan says.

Massey University News - www.massey.ac.nz
25 Jan 2013




Common pesticides 'can kill frogs within an hour'

New research suggests the chemicals are playing a significant and previously unknown role in the global decline of amphibians

Widely used pesticides can kill frogs within an hour, new research has revealed, suggesting the chemicals are playing a significant and previously unknown role in the catastrophic global decline of amphibians.

The scientists behind the study said it was both "astonishing" and "alarming" that common pesticides could be so toxic at the doses approved by regulatory authorities, adding to growing criticism of how pesticides are tested.

The Guardian - www.guardian.co.uk
24 Jan 2013
D Carrington


Journal Reference
CA Bruhl et al. Terrestrial pesticide exposure of amphibians: An underestimated cause of global decline? Scientific Reports. 2013 Jan 24: 3 (Article number: 1135). doi:10.1038/srep01135


‘Noah’s Ark’ to Save Tasmanian Devils from Cancer Plague

Australian scientists and wildlife experts have relocated a group of Tasmanian devils to an island “Noah’s Ark” in an attempt to protect them from an epidemic of contagious facial cancer that has been decimating the population.

The disease, which is spread through the animals’ bite, has wiped out 84 percent of all Tasmanian devils since first coming to scientists’ attention in 1996; some fear that it could obliterate the entire wild population within four decades.

Time - newsfeed.time.com
C Campbell
23 Jan 2013
Location: Australia



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS 
News on Human Activity Affecting Wildlife
Toxic Algal Bloom News
Chronic Wasting Disease News

January 28, 2013

Parasites of Madagascar's Lemurs Expanding With Climate Change and other wildlife disease news

TOP STORIES

Parasites of Madagascar's Lemurs Expanding With Climate Change

Rising temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns in Madagascar could fuel the spread of lemur parasites and the diseases they carry.

By combining data on six parasite species from ongoing surveys of lemur health with weather data and other environmental information for Madagascar as a whole, a team of Duke University researchers has created probability maps of likely parasite distributions throughout the island today.

Then, using climate projections for the year 2080, they estimate what parasite distributions might look like in the future.

Duke Today - today.duke.edu
23 Jan 2013

Journal Reference
Meredith A, et al. Climate change, predictive modeling and lemur health: Assessing impacts of changing climate on health and conservation in Madagascar. Biological Conservation, 2013; 157: 409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.09.003


Erratic bat behavior at Great Smoky park may be linked to lethal syndrome

In the dead of winter, bats should be in a deep sleep. But at Great Smoky Mountains National Park, they’re out and about, flying erratically in many cases, acting crazy.

Officials say they probably haven’t gone mad from rabies, something humans should fear. More than likely, it’s another troubling sign: Large groups of bats in the nation’s most popular national park appear to be stricken with white-nose syndrome, a deadly fungus that’s wiping out a variety of bat species up and down the East Coast, a possible extinction event, some biologists say.

“We can’t say 100 percent that it’s white-nose, but it most likely is,” said Bill Stiver, the supervisor of wildlife biologists at the park, which straddles the Tennessee-North Carolina border. He said biologists are likely to confirm it when they venture into the caves in mid-February for a yearly census. “Our gut feeling is the disease is starting to manifest itself in the caves.”

Washington Post - articles.washingtonpost.com
20 Jan 2013
D Fears
Location: Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Southeastern States, USA



Wild Animals May Contribute to the Resurgence of African Sleeping Sickness

Wild animals may be a key contributor to the continuing spread of African sleeping sickness, new research published in PLOS Computational Biology shows. The West African form of the disease, also known as Gambiense Human African trypanosomiasis, affects around 10,000 people in Africa every year and is deadly if left untreated.

Despite numerous previous studies showing that animals can be infected with the parasite, the prevailing view has been that the disease persisted in its traditional areas almost only because of human-to-human transmission.

A new study, from an international team of researchers led by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, challenges this assumption by using a mathematical model to show that the disease not only can persist in an area even when there are no human cases, but probably requires the presence of infected wild animals to maintain the chain of transmission.

The authors' model was based on data collected in active screening campaigns between November 1998 and February 1999 in the Bipindi area of Cameroon. One of the species in the data group was the White-eyelid mangabey,....

Science Daily - www.sciencedaily.com
17 Jan 2013


Journal Reference
Sebastian Funk et al. Identifying Transmission Cycles at the Human-Animal Interface: The Role of Animal Reservoirs in Maintaining Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis. PLoS Computational Biology, 2013; 9 (1): e1002855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002855


OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS

Avian Botulism News

One Health News Corner
Huh?! That's Interesting!

January 25, 2013

In the Spotlight: Past Wildlife Disease Investigation from Wildlife Disease Association

A Wildlife Disease Investigation Case from the Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter
January 2013 Issue

Rabid Wolverine in Alaska
Adapted from report written by Dr. Kimberlee Beckmen, AK Dept of Fish and Game


The first recorded case of rabies in a wolverine (Gulo gulo) in North America was diagnosed this summer by Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Wildlife Conservation (ADFG DWC) Wildlife Veterinarian Dr. Kimberlee Beckmen.

Photo Credit: Steve Kroschel / FWS
The wolverine was found dead in June 2012 by ADFG wildlife biologists while flying a helicopter northwest of Umiat on the North Slope of AlaskaClick link to view location on GeoNames]. The frozen carcass was completely intact, with no scavenging or visible signs of trauma, so it was flown to Fairbanks for necropsy. The wolverine had a recent, non-fatal wolf bite to the masseter muscle of the jaw.

The diagnosis was made possible through an expanded rabies surveillance initiative in Alaska that allows screening of large numbers of wildlife specimens via the dRIT (direct rapid immunohistochemical test) method. The Centers for Disease Control recently confirmed the wolverine was suffering from an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) strain of rabies.

Rabies is endemic in arctic fox only along Alaska’s coast but frequently spills over to red fox, sometimes in epidemic numbers of cases. In the past two years ADFG has tested more than 600 animals, including hundreds of foxes, more than 100 wolves, 19 bats and four wolverines. Of the samples tested, 2.8 percent tested positive for rabies, representing foxes exclusively with the exception of this one wolverine.

Source: WDA Newsletter - January 2013 Issue [pdf]




Is Your Wildlife Health Organization Doing Interesting Wildlife Disease Related Research? Go Ahead - Toot Your Own Horn!

Do you want to use the Wildlife Disease News Digest to share information about interesting wildlife disease research happening within your organization/agencies? Email the details or links to the description of the research (e.g. annual reports, web pages, newsletters, and press releases) to us at digest@wdin.org.

If it fits the scope of the Digest (i.e. related to wildlife disease), we will feature it in a future post. Your fellow Digest readers are very interested to hear from you!

January 23, 2013

Wildlife Disease Journal Digest

Browse complete Digest publication library here.



Capillary electromigration based techniques in diagnostics of prion protein caused diseases
Electrophoresis. 2012 Dec;33(24):3644-52. doi: 10.1002/elps.201200208. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
P Sobrova et al.

Quail as a potential mixing vessel for the generation of new reassortant influenza A viruses
 Vet Microbiol. 2012 Dec 7;160(3-4):305-13. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.043. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
A Thontiravong et al.

Potential risk map for avian influenza A virus invading Japan
Diversity and Distributions. 2013 Jan; 19(1): 78–85
S Moriguchi et al.

Science in support of the Deepwater Horizon response
PNAS. 2012 Dec 03; [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1204729109
J Lubchenco et al.

Epidemiological study of zoonoses derived from humans in captive chimpanzees
Primates. 2013 Jan;54(1):89-98. doi: 10.1007/s10329-012-0320-8. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
T Kooriyama et al.

Wide Range of Mercury Contamination in Chicks of Southern Ocean Seabirds
PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(1): e54508. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054508
P Blevin et al.  

The Dental Pathology of Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)

Journal of Comparative Pathology. 2013; [Epub ahead of print]
JN Winer et al. 

Comparative study of Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) isolates from two different geographic origins
Veterinary Microbiology. 2013 Mar 23; 162(2-4): 670–678
C Dussaubat et al.

Trichinella infection in wildlife of northeast of iran
Iran J Parasitol. 2012;7(4):57-61.
H Borji et al.

Wildlife-associated zoonotic diseases in some southern African countries in relation to game meat safety: A review
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2012 Dec 5;79(1):E1-E12. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v79i1.422.
JL Bekker et al. 

The African buffalo: A villain for inter-species spread of infectious diseases in southern Africa
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2012 Jun 20;79(2):E1-5. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v79i2.453.
AL Michel and RG Bengis

Tuberculosis cross-species transmission in Tanzania: Towards a One-Health concept
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2012 Jul 20;79(2):E1-6. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v79i2.501.
EV Mbugi et al.

Development of a curriculum for training in One Health analytical epidemiology at the University of Zambia
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2012 Jun 20;79(2):E1-4. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v79i2.475.
J Muma et al.

January 22, 2013

Bat-killing disease spreads to Mammoth Cave NP and More Wildlife Disease News


TOP STORIES

Bat-killing disease spreads to Mammoth Cave NP

White-nose syndrome threatening new populations of bats, including endangered species

The news that white-nose syndrome has spread to a second cave in Kentucky’s Mammoth Cave National Park triggered renewed calls for action from conservation advocates.

“A northern long-eared bat, showing symptoms of white-nose syndrome, was found in Long Cave in the park,” said Mammoth Cave National Park Superintendent Sarah Craighead. “The bat was euthanized on January 4 and sent for laboratory testing. Those tests confirmed white-nose syndrome.”

Long Cave, an undeveloped cave 1.3 miles long, is the park’s largest bat hibernaculum and houses endangered Indiana bats and gray bats, along with other non-threatened species. Long Cave is not connected to Mammoth Cave and has not been open to visitors for more than 80 years.

Summit Voice - summitcountyvoice.com
17 Jan 2013
B Berwyn
Location: Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA - Map It


Wildlife Health Technology

Since its inception, the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre (CCWHC) has maintained a secure data repository which helps researchers and government agencies make sound decisions about wildlife disease management issues.

During the last 15 years, this database has undergone many changes, improvements and expansions. In recent years, concerns such as West Nile Virus, Avian Influenza, Chronic Wasting Disease and Rabies have all been monitored using software specifically developed by the CCWHC. This dedicated focus on providing tools to researchers and decision makers has enabled the CCWHC to react rapidly to emerging diseases in order to put relevant data in the hands of those who need it. Due to the sensitive nature of this data, access is strictly controlled through a comprehensive request and review process.

CCWHC healthywildlife.ca blog - www.healthywildlife.ca
15 Jan 2013



Plastics and chemicals they absorb pose double threat to marine life

Marine creatures that ingest plastics in the ocean might suffer from a double whammy of the plastic itself and the pollutants those plastics have absorbed while floating in the open seas, according to research led by doctoral student Chelsea Rochman of the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine.

The study found that the most commonly produced plastics also absorbed the most chemicals, and for longer periods of time than previously thought. Products made from the particular plastic used to make water bottles — polyethylene terephthalate, or PET — might have fewer detrimental chemical impacts than products made from other types of plastic, according to the study, published online this month in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.

UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine News & Events - www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu
15 Jan 2013


Article Cited


Chronic Wasting Disease Update from Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism

Three positives cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) detected so far during 2012 deer seasons. One being in the Norton County focus in the southwest corner of the county, one north of Cedar Bluff Reservoir in Trego County, and one east of Hays, Kansas in Ellis County.

The Ellis County detection is the first for that county. All positives this past season 2012 were 3.5 or older white-tailed bucks harvested with archery equipment in November.




Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism
17 Jan 2013
Information shared via email
Location: View Global Wildlife Disease News for CWD reports in Kansas - Map It



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
One Health News Corner
Huh?! That's Interesting

January 21, 2013

U.S. Federal Holiday - No Wildilfe Disease News Today

Due to the U.S. federal holiday, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, there will be no scheduled Wildlife Disease News Digest today. All the latest wildlife health news will return for your reading enjoyment tomorrow.

We welcome submissions to the Digest. Send your stories for review to digest@wdin.org. We look forward to hearing from you!

We thank you for your continued readership and support!

All the best,
WDIN Team

January 18, 2013

In the Spotlight - Recent case study: Role of public reports in Dovekie strandings on Long Island, Suffolk County, New York – December 2012

The Evelyn Alexander Wildlife Rescue Center, http://www.wildliferescuecenter.org, a full-time wildlife hospital located in Hampton Bays, New York, began receiving calls from the public admitting dovekie cases in early December. The birds recovered were found scattered across Long Island, New York, in Suffolk County (see map created with WHER GeoRSS feed from NY). Historically, the Rescue Center tends to receive a few of these birds in December/January after harsh weather conditions, although a small number have also been oiled. A total of four birds were admitted in 2011, ten in 2010, and three in 2009.

Dovekie recovering at Rescue Center.
Dr. Bethany Rottner, a veterinarian with the Rescue Center, described what the clinic was seeing recently. “In 2012, we admitted 22 dovekies (19 birds in December) which seem to be a significant rise overall in number. A few local veterinary clinics also received dovekies, but these were typically euthanized with severe traumatic injuries and not transferred to us. Another rehabilitator on Long Island was also receiving birds.” The number of reports of injured and dead dovekies raised enough concern that a local news station picked up the story.

Dr. Rottner described the condition of the birds that were received, “While a number of our cases were found beached on the shoreline, many were found inland in parking lots, fields, or yards. Traumatic wounds, specifically tibiotarsal/tarsometatarsal fractures were very common, as was neurological dysfunction of the legs. We imagine that these occurred after birds made harsh or difficult landings on the ground. For those that were found on the beach, trauma may have been from the pounding surf. Bite wounds and lacerations were also not uncommon, as they possibly fell victim to gulls, cats, and dogs”.

Dovekie recovering at Rescue Center.
As cases began to pour in, their staff began to pay more attention to weather, noting in general that birds tended to appear after a night of heavy winds and rain. In the future, they plan to document adverse weather conditions in more detail to try to determine if there is a relationship between weather conditions and the increase reports of injured/dead aquatic birds, like the dovekie.

In general, aquatic birds are very challenging to rehabilitate, as they require special housing, feeding, and handling since they are so exquisitely adapted to life at sea and not land. Due to these animal care challenges, the Rescue Center was only able to rehabilitate and release one dovekie out of the many admitted in December.

Reaching Out to the Wildlife Health Community

Later in December the dovekie cases continued to arrive at the Rescue Center, so Dr. Rottner notified Seabird Ecological Assessment Network (SEANET), http://seanetters.wordpress.com, a citizen science program that conducts health surveys of beached birds and records information about bird mortality. As relayed by Dr. Rottner, “Sarah Courchesne, SEANET coordinator, recommended I report the cases to the Wildlife Health Event Reporter (WHER). Overall, SEANET felt our assessment appeared accurate that injuries were consistent with traumatic landings”. However, at this time, no one could say whether other factors were also involved in these cases.

Even though the exact cause of the strandings was not determined for this particular wildlife health event, these individual cases were recorded and made available to other wildlife organizations for reference through the Wildlife Health Event Reporter (WHER), http://www.wher.org.

As stated by Dr. Rottner, “Being able to add information to what we already know could enable us to prepare for new cases, better treat patients we have, and notify pertinent authorities or groups should we come across something new. In turn, we may be able to provide information or observations of our own to possibly assist someone else in their work. I believe there is more to be gained from reaching out and asking questions. However, it is difficult to know who to get in touch with, which is when an application like WHER can help.” It can work as a networking tool to connect professional groups, rehabilitators, and citizen science programs, which is vital to gaining a better understanding of wildlife health phenomena.

Sign Up! Get a WHER Account Today! 

An observation that you think is incidental, and sort of gross – the dead raccoon on the side of the road, sickly looking bird at the bird feeder, or the dead dovekie in the parking lot - is actually a very valuable piece of information, but only if you make it known by reporting it.

Let others know what kind of wildlife health events are happening in your community. Sign up for a WHER account today at http://www.whmn.org/wher/users/add and join the effort to spot possible health threats!

A special thanks to Dr. Bethany Rottner for sharing this story with us! 

The Wildlife Rescue
Center logo.
The Evelyn Alexander Wildlife Rescue Center of the Hamptons, Inc. is a not-for-profit corporation dedicated to the rehabilitation of wild animals impacted by encroachment of humans on their habitat. It is a grass roots organization that grew from a few concerned friends to a group of over 1000 members and supporters. The center is a full-time professional wildlife hospital staffed by licensed rehabilitators, biologists, animal behaviorists and volunteers. For more information about this wildlife rehabilitation organization visit their website at http://www.wildliferescuecenter.org


January 17, 2013

Today's Wildlife Disease News Stories

TOP STORIES

Carcasses of Olive Ridley turtles washed ashore in Odisha

Several carcasses of Olive Ridley turtles were washed ashore near the mouth of river Rushikulya off Odisha's Ganjam coast, a major mass nesting site of these endangered species.

Forest officials have recovered over 150 dead turtles from different places in the coastal areas in Ganjam district during the last one month.

Forest officials, however, said the mortality of the turtles as not very alarming. "Most of the carcasses were found decomposed. We suspect these were washed ashore to Ganjam coast from Astaranga areas in Puri district, where a number of turtles were found dead recently, Divisional Forest Officer (DFO), Berhampur, S S Mishra said on Wednesday.

...Wildlife activists...claimed that over 4000 carcasses were washed ashore off Odisha cost in the last one month. Majority of them were found between Astaranga and Konark in Puri district.

ZeeNews - zeenews.india.com
16 Jan 2013
Location: Ganjam, India  - Map It   



Dead Birds in Duson A Mystery

An odd discovery was made Tuesday in Duson. More than 30 birds were found dead, and as of now no one knows why. The birds had no visible injuries and were just scattered in an area next to a sugar cane field.

...Wing called a state biologist to come in and investigate. The biologist collected around 30 of the dead birds for testing in Baton Rouge.

"We saw about a dozen of them that were ill. He said we'd probably see more until they could figure out what was the cause," Wing said.

Despite all the stormy and unusual weather, the biologist from the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries says it was likely not a factor in the deaths. Testing will give them a better idea of what happened by Thursday.

KATC.com - www.katc.com
15 Jan 2013
S Albritton
Location: Duson, Louisiana, USA - Map It   



Mysterious dolphin deaths continue in Gulf but stabilize in Florida

The unusually high number of dolphin deaths that began three years ago in the northern Gulf of Mexico is continuing, though the number of deaths in Florida dropped in 2012 after peaking in 2011.

Since February 2010 to Jan. 6 of this year, the bodies of 825 marine mammals, nearly all bottlenose dolphins and a few whales, have been found along the coast from Louisiana to Apalachicola, according to figures released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Of those, 150 dolphins found dead on beaches or in marshes, including Fort Pickens beach, Perdido Key State Park, East Bay and Navy Point, were premature, stillborn or neonatal bottlenose. In the seven years before 2010, the northern Gulf each year saw an average 63 bottlenose dolphin strandings, incidents where injured or sick marine mammals come ashore.

That number swelled to 228 in 2010, peaked to 330 in 2011 and tapered to 153 in 2012. The fact that the number of dolphin deaths continues to be higher than the pre-2010 levels worries Teri Rowles, who heads NOAA’s investigation team. “This is the longest unusual mortality event nationally,” she said of the dolphin deaths.

Even though dolphin deaths began their climb in the Gulf prior to the Deepwater Horizon disaster on April 20, 2010, the oil spill is being considered as a possible cause.  Bacteria and biotoxins, such as red tide, also are being investigated as possible factors contributing to the deaths.

PNJ.com - www.pnj.com
15 Jan 2013
K Blair
Location: USA




Reported Wildlife Mortality Events to the USGS National Wildlife Health Center Updated


USGS and a network of partners across the country work on documenting wildlife mortality events in order to provide timely and accurate information on locations, species and causes of death.

This information was updated on January 10, 2013 on the USGS National Wildlife Health Center web page, New and Ongoing Wildlife Mortality Events Nationwide.

Quarterly Mortality Reports are also available from this page. These reports go back to 1995.

USGS National Wildlife Health Center
13 Jan 2013
Location:US



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
One Health News Corner
Huh?! That's Interesting!

January 16, 2013

Wildlife Disease Journal Digest

Browse complete Digest publication library here.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases - January 2013
Volume 49, Issue 1


USGS Scientific Investigations Report: 2012-5271 - 2011 report of selected wildlife diseases
2012 U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center
DE Green et al.

Aerosol Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed Deer
J. Virol. 2013 Feb; 87(3): 1890-1892. doi: 10.1128/​JVI.02852-12
Nathaniel D. Denkersa, et al.

The modification and evaluation of an ELISA test for the surveillance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in wild ruminants
BMC Veterinary Research. 2013, 9:5. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-5
M Pruvot et al.

A novel type of paramyxovirus found in Hungary in a masked water snake (Homalopsis buccata) with pneumonia supports the suggested new taxonomy within the Ferlavirus genus

Veterinary Microbiology. 2012 Feb 22; 162(1): 195–200
T Papp et al.

Role of Bibersteinia trehalosi, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza-3 virus in bighorn sheep pneumonia
Veterinary Microbiology. 2013 Feb 22; 162(1): 166–172
RP Dassanayake et al.

Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report - Third Quarter
July 2012 to September 2012
USGS National Wildlife Health Center



The impact of community organization on vector-borne pathogens
Am Nat. 2013 Jan;181(1):1-11. doi: 10.1086/668591. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
B Roche et al.

Occurrence of the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in introduced and native species from two regions of France [pdf]
Amphibia-Reptilia. 2012; 33: 415-422
M Ouellet et al.

Florida Department of Health - One Health Newsletter - Fall 2012 [pdf]
Volume 5, Issue 4





Hybrid advantage in skin peptide immune defenses of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus) at risk from emerging pathogens
Infect Genet Evol. 2012 Dec;12(8):1854-64. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.024. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
Daum JM, et al.

Pathogenesis of West Nile virus lineage 1 and 2 in experimentally infected large falcons
Vet Microbiol. 2013 Jan 25;161(3-4):263-73. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.07.041. Epub 2012 Aug 3.
U Ziegler et al.

January 15, 2013

Today's Wildlife Disease News Stories

TOP STORIES

White Nose Syndrome Fungus Persists in Caves Even when Bats are Gone

Amount of soil (about 200 mg) from which Geomyces destructans was cultured.
This shows the small amount of soil needed to harbor live fungus and
the threat that humans might pose in moving it around from cave to cave
on their gear, boots, and clothing.
The fungus that has killed millions of bats in eastern North America since 2006 can survive in the environment for long periods of time, according to new research conducted by the USGS National Wildlife Health Center and collaborating partners at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, and U.S. Forest Service.

...This research has important implications for managing WNS and vulnerable bat species by revealing the important role that the environment plays in the disease. For example, the findings suggest that susceptible bats may not be able to effectively re-colonize caves and mines that have been previously contaminated and that the reintroduction of certain bat species to such sites may not be a sound strategy for reestablishing lost populations.

Although bats likely play a major role in transporting the fungus, the work additionally highlights the potential for humans entering contaminated caves and mines to come into contact with G. destructans years after bats have disappeared from those sites.

USGS Science Features - www.usgs.gov/blogs/features
10 Jan 2013



Chlamydia threat to untouched koala population

An outbreak of koala chlamydia in the Southern Highlands also poses a threat to a completely unaffected colony in Campbelltown.

The danger has been identified by the University of Sydney's Wildlife Health and Conservation Centre in Camden which is currently treating a sick animal, from the Southern Highlands area. It is one of five it has treated for a chlamydia infection in the past three years.

"The disease is infiltrating the population in the Southern Highlands which is concerning but we are even more worried that it may spread north and east into the Campbelltown population," said David Phalen, the director of the Centre, from the Faculty of Veterinary Science.

"The Campbelltown colony has an estimated 500 animals. They have been closely studied for 20 years and no evidence of chlamydia has ever been found in this healthy, growing population."

The Campbelltown koalas are important because of the genetic diversity of their immune genes.

University of Sydney - sydney.edu.au
14 Jan 2013
Location: Australia



Common toads ravaged by killer disease in Portugal

The chytrid fungus—responsible for millions of amphibian deaths worldwide—is now believed to be behind a sudden decline in the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans), according to a new paper in Animal Conservation. Researchers have detected the presence of the deadly fungus in the Serra da Estrela, north-central Portugal, home to a population of the midwife toad.

"Our findings point to an outbreak of [the disease] chytridiomycosis likely being responsible for the population decline and observed disappearance of this species," lead author Gonçalo M. Rosa told mongabay.com.

Mongabay.com - news.mongbay.com
14 Jan 2013
D Lloyd
Location: Portugal



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
Marine Mammal News
One Health News Corner
It Ain't All Bad News
Huh?! That's Interesting!

January 11, 2013

In the Spotlight: SCWDS Briefs Special Issue: Virus Gone Wild

Figure 1: Mapped cases of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD)
and Bluetongue Virus (BTV) in North America.
Are you interested in a year in review of wildlife disease? Then you'll want to check out the latest issue of SCWDS Briefs, a quarterly newsletter from the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study.

You'll find some of the top wildlife disease stories that happened in United States this past year, like this article, Hemorrhagic Disease 2012 - One for the Record Books?


An excerpt:

... This is an exceptional year for HD in both the eastern and midwestern United States, and 2012 may be one for the record books. Our first HD case was confirmed on July 18 when we isolated epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype-2 from samples from a white-tailed deer from North Carolina.

So far this year, we have isolated and identified nearly 200 EHD and bluetongue (BT) viruses from wild ungulates in 27 states. The distribution of these isolates is shown on the map. [See Figure 1].

All of the North American EHDV serotypes were isolated and all were widely distributed. All three EHDV subtypes were confirmed in deer in three states (Missouri, Indiana, and Michigan). We also isolated BTV-10, -11, and -13, but only a few confirmed cases were observed.




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January 10, 2013

Today's Wildlife Disease News Stories

TOP STORIES

DEFRA investigating bird deaths mystery in Angus

A mysterious virus or natural event has baffled residents of an Angus town, after a number of seabirds were found washed up on their shore.

At least 17 geese and other unidentified birds were found on the coast of Arbroath on Sunday morning, and dog walkers contacted The Courier to air their concerns.

Despite being obscured by dirt and debris, only two of the birds had any visible wounds. Kevin Murray recorded 18 geese and one mallard duck at the breakwater during a walk.

The Courier - www.thecourier.co.uk
07 Jan 2013
R Watt
Location: Arbroath - Map It



What’s killing Minnesota moose? New, high-tech study aims to find out [They've got an app for that?!]

Minnesota researchers will soon get text messages from dead moose.

The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources said Friday it will conduct research aimed at better understanding the sharp decline in the state's moose population. Through a combination of GPS technology and implanted devices, researchers think they can get a quicker handle on the locations and causes of moose deaths.

Researchers believe the study has value beyond the iconic giant of the north woods, because the ailments killing moose could shed light on health threats to other species, including humans.

Starting later this month, wildlife resource officials plan to capture 100 adults and 50 calves in northeastern Minnesota. All of them will be fitted with $2,500 tracking collars and many will also have $900 mortality implant transmitters put in their digestive tracts.

Those with the implants will be the most valuable research targets because when an animal's heart stops beating it will trigger an instant text message to researchers, who will get coordinates for finding the carcass to help them retrieve it within 24 hours. That's key because moose organs decompose quickly or the animals get ravaged by prey, meaning researchers can't get a good read on what's causing them to die.

The Bismark Tribune - bismarcktribune.com
06 Jan 2013
Location: Minnesota, USA



As Biodiversity Declines, Tropical Diseases Thrive

Global health advocates often argue that the tropical diseases that plague many countries, such as malaria and dengue, can be conquered simply with more money for health care – namely medicines and vaccines.

But a new paper is a reminder that ecology also has a pretty big say in whether pathogens thrive or die off. Using a statistical model, researchers predicted that countries that lose biodiversity will have a heavier burden of vector-borne and parasitic diseases. Their results appear this week in PLoS Biology.

"The general logic is that the more organisms you have out there, the more things there are that can interrupt the life cycle of disease, and the less concentration you'll have of any vector," Matthew Bonds, a researcher at Harvard Medical School and the lead author of the paper, tells Shots.

But plants, mammals and birds are disappearing fast – one-third of the world's species are now threatened with extinction, according to the United Nations. And when the creatures that prey on mice, mosquitoes or other vectors of disease go, parasites and other disease-causing agents discover it's a lot easier to survive.

NPR.org - www.npr.org
29 Dec 2012
E Barclay


Cited Journal Article
Bonds MH, Dobson AP, Keenan DC (2012) Disease Ecology, Biodiversity, and the Latitudinal Gradient in Income. PLoS Biol 10(12): e1001456. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001456


Crayfish Have Been Secretly Spreading a Deadly Frog Epidemic

Around the world, the decline of hundreds of amphibian species has been linked to the mysterious and deadly chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendobatidis. More than 300 species are nearly extinct because of this epidemic, and many more have probably already been lost to the disease.

Until now, researchers thought the the fungus occurred only in amphibians, since no studies demonstrated that the fungus can grow on live non-amphibian hosts. National Geographic explains the perplexing situation:

One of the biggest mysteries is how chytrid can persist in a frogless pond. Researchers saw it happen many times and were perplexed: If all of a pond’s amphibians were wiped out, and a few frogs or salamanders came back and recolonized the pond, they would also die—even though there were no amphibians in the pond to harbor the disease.

New research refutes the assumption that only amphibians can carry the disease, however. Field collections in Louisiana and Colorado found that up to 29 percent of the live crayfish recovered were harboring the fungus. The team also found that crayfish presence was a strong predictor of amphibian infection with the fungus.

Smithsonian.com - blogs.smithsonianmag.com
18 Dec 2012


Game and Fish captures bighorn sheep to monitor disease

The Wyoming Game and Fish Department has begun to capture bighorn sheep this winter to monitor the presence of pneumonia in the Jackson Region. Nasal and tonsil swabs, along with blood, are being collected from sheep east of Jackson.

The Jackson herd experienced a significant die-off due to pneumonia in 2002. Wildlife Biologist Doug Brimeyer, estimates as much as half of the herd (which numbered approximately 500 sheep at the time) died in 2002. Near Dubois, the Whiskey Basin herd in the Wind River Range has struggled through several pneumonia outbreaks as well. Similarly, several bighorn sheep herds across the Rocky Mountain west have experienced significant declines in population due to pneumonia in recent years.

Country 10 - country10.com
08 Jan 2013
Location: Wyoming, USA


More Bighorn News


ANNOUNCEMENTS
  • The Wildlife Data Integration Network will be giving a presentation entitled, Discovering Novel Wildlife Health Information, in the Global Health Seminar Series at the University of Wisconsin - Madison on Tuesday, January 29. It is free, so if you are in the area, we would love to see you there!

  • FREE Conference Call with Zoobiquity author Barbara Natterson-Horowitz, M.D. on Thursday, January 10. Registration with email is required.



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
Chronic Wasting Disease News
Toxic Algal Bloom News
One Health Related News
It Ain't All Bad News
Huh?! That's Interesting!
  • Jack London’s plague of 2013 [Although known for his tales of wilderness adventure, Jack London wrote the science-fiction story, "The Scarlet Plague”, in 1910.][Thanks ProMed!]