May 24, 2013

Breeding programs may send disease into wild and more wildlife disease news stories

TOP STORIES

Avian Cholera kills Thunder Bay turkeys

The mystery behind the deaths of some turkeys in the Mountain Road area seems to have been solved with the help of a wildlife pathologist. After a handful of turkeys suddenly died, some neighbours in the area were concerned the birds were poisoned.

But a Guelph pathologist with the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre who looked at the dead birds said the turkeys had bacteria called Avian Cholera. "We have very rarely seen infections with this bacterium in wild birds here in Ontario,” Doug Campbell said.

CBC News
21 May 2013
Location: Guelph, Ontario, Canada - Map It



Breeding programs may send disease into wild

Captive breeding programs of endangered animals have the potential to send disease out into vulnerable animal communities, a new study shows. The Australian research reveals brush-tail wallabies raised in a captive breeding program carry antibiotic resistance genes in their gut bacteria.

Dr Michelle Power, of Macquarie University, says when these animals are released they can transmit these antibiotic resistance genes into wild populations.

ABC Science
23 May 2013
D Cooper


Cited Journal Article
Power ML, Emery S, Gillings MR (2013) Into the Wild: Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants via a Species Recovery Program. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63017. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063017


Lab to analyze dead bison tissue

A rising Yellowstone River may have stymied efforts to discover if anything unusual killed several bison near Yellowstone National Park. Over the weekend, Fish, Wildlife and Parks employees worked to get tissue samples from dead bison that were first reported along the river Thursday.

... Ramsey said she extracted samples from the bison’s major organs and sent them to the Department of Livestock laboratory for analysis. The results won’t be known for a week or two. “Nothing really stood out as unusual on the side of the bison that was above water. There was some blood in the abdomen near the pelvis, but I don’t know how that would play in,” Ramsey said. “The lab can look at the microscopic things we couldn’t see. Depending on what they find, they could send it on to another lab for further investigation.”

Ramsey said the results could end up being normal or the tissue could have been too waterlogged to provide good results. Samples from another animal might have helped, but they could find only the two bison.  Members of the Gallatin Wildlife Association voiced concerns about disease last week after dead bison started surfacing, especially after sheep were recently moved onto property upstream.

Sheep can carry malignant catarrhal fever, which is fatal to bison. The disease is related to herpes, and because it produces no ill effects in sheep, all sheep should be presumed to be carriers, according to the Alberta Sheep and Wool Commission.

Bozeman Daily Chronicle
21 May 2013
L Lundquist
Location: Gardiner, Montana, USA,  - Map It 



Deer hair-loss syndrome challenges California researchers; low fawn survival rate impacts population

Researchers at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife are studying a deer hair-loss syndrome across the state.

Wildlife experts are calling the issue “hair loss” but the real problem appears to be from the infestation of non-native lice and in some cases, a heavy infestation of internal parasites.

Symptoms range from a scruffy looking hair coat to near complete baldness. Hair-loss syndrome is also associated with poor nutritional condition, making it difficult for fawns to survive to replace the normal mortality in mature deer.

“Some of us speculate that the louse-infested deer spend so much time grooming they become easy targets of predation by coyotes or mountain lions,” said CDFW senior wildlife biologist, Greg Gerstenberg. “While this theory is still under investigation, what we do know is that the louse has impacted migratory populations of California deer which now have a low fawn survival rate, making it difficult to replenish the herd.”

The goal of the research is to understand why the lice infestations are appearing as well as to understand the full impacts of the non-native louse species and hair loss.

Lake County News
19 May 2013
Location: California, USA



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
Climate Change News
One Health News Corner
It Ain't All Bad News

May 22, 2013

Willdlife Disease Journal Digest

Browse complete Digest publication library here.

Do Shade-Grown Coffee Plantations Pose a Disease Risk for Wild Birds?
EcoHealth. 2013 May; [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1007/s10393-013-0837-3
SM Hernandez et al.

Chytridiomycosis and Seasonal Mortality of Tropical Stream-Associated Frogs 15 Years after Introduction of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Conserv Biol. 2013 May 16. doi: 10.1111/cobi.12073. [Epub ahead of print]
AD Phillott et al.

Hepatitis and splenitis due to systemic tetratrichomoniasis in an American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2013 May 14. [Epub ahead of print]
RE Burns et al.

Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change
Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013; 110(21):8399–8404 [Epub ahead of print 2013 May 13]. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1208059110
BA Jones

A hierarchical distance sampling approach to estimating mortality rates from opportunistic carcass surveillance data
Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2013 Apr; 4(4):361–369 [Epub ahead of print 2013 Jan 10]. doi: 10.1111/2041-210x.12021
SE Bellan et al.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of pneumonia in bighorn sheep
J Anim Ecol. 2013 Feb 8. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12031. [Epub ahead of print]
EF Cassirer et al.

A cluster of avian malaria cases in a kiwi management programme
N Z Vet J. 2013 May;61(3):121-6. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2012.736130. Epub 2012 Nov 28
ME Banda et al.

Electrolyte depletion in white-nose syndrome bats
J Wildl Dis. 2013 Apr;49(2):398-402. doi: 10.7589/2012-04-121.
PM Cryan et al.

Efficacy of antemortem rectal biopsies to diagnose and estimate prevalence of chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cow elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni)
J Wildl Dis. 2013 Apr;49(2):270-8. doi: 10.7589/2011-12-362.
RJ Monello et al.

Predicting shifts in parasite distribution with climate change: A multi-trophic level approach
Glob Chang Biol. 2013 May 13. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12255. [Epub ahead of print]
RS Pickles et al.

Correlates between Feeding Ecology and Mercury Levels in Historical and Modern Arctic Foxes (Vulpes lagopus)
PLoS One. 2013 May 6;8(5):e60879. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060879. Print 2013.
N Bocharova et al.

First report of Trichinella pseudospiralis in Poland, in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)
Acta Parasitol. 2013 Jun;58(2):149-54. doi: 10.2478/s11686-013-0121-2. Epub 2013 May 11.
B Moskwa et al.

Distribution of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid Within Central Nervous Tissue Lesions in White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Veterinary Pathology. 2013 [Epub ahead of print 2013 May 17]. doi: 10.1177/0300985813488956
M. Kiupel et al.

Francisella tularensis infection in a stone marten (Martes foina) without classic pathological lesions consistent with tularemia
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2013; [Epub ahead of print 2013 May 14]. doi: 10.1177/1040638713489124
FC Origgi et al.

Leptospira interrogans at the Human-Wildlife Interface in Northern Botswana: A Newly Identified Public Health Threat
Zoonoses Public Health. 2013 May 14. doi: 10.1111/zph.12052. [Epub ahead of print]
SE Jobbins et al.

Essential Readings in Wildlife Management and Conservation [Table of Contents]
Includes the chapter: Mortality patterns in mammals

Proceedings of the seminar on Emerging Infectious Diseases, November 9, 2011: current trends and proposals [no online abstract available]
Med Mal Infect. 2012 Nov;42(11):569-73. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2012.08.001. Epub 2012 Nov 9.
C Leport et al.

The scaling of contact rates with population density for the infectious disease models
Math Biosci. 2013 May 9. pii: S0025-5564(13)00123-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2013.04.013. [Epub ahead of print]
H Hu et al.

Retrospective time series analysis of veterinary laboratory data: preparing a historical baseline for cluster detection in syndromic surveillance
Prev Vet Med. 2013 May 1;109(3-4):219-27. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.10.010. Epub 2012 Nov 13.
FC Dorea et al.


May 21, 2013

H1N1 discovered in marine mammals and other wildlife disease news stories

TOP STORIES

H1N1 discovered in marine mammals

Scientists at the University of California, Davis, detected the H1N1 (2009) virus in free-ranging northern elephant seals off the central California coast a year after the human pandemic began, according to a study published today, May 15, in the journal PLOS ONE. It is the first report of that flu strain in any marine mammal.

“We thought we might find influenza viruses, which have been found before in marine mammals, but we did not expect to find pandemic H1N1,” said lead author Tracey Goldstein, an associate professor with the UC Davis One Health Institute and Wildlife Health Center. “This shows influenza viruses can move among species.”

UC Davis researchers have been studying flu viruses in wild birds and mammals since 2007 as part of the Centers of Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance program funded by National Institutes of Health. The goal of this research is to understand how viruses emerge and move among animals and people.

UC Davis Press Release
15 May 2013


Cited Journal Article
Goldstein T, Mena I, Anthony SJ, Medina R, Robinson PW, et al. (2013) Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Isolated from Free-Ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the Central California Coast. PLoS ONE 8(5): e62259. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062259


Is virus detected in Asiatic Lion deadly enough?

Int'l wildlife experts express concern, Indian foresters insist it's one of many strains.

In the heat of Gujarat government seeking a review of Supreme Court’s order of translocation of a few Asiatic Lions from Gujarat to Madhya Pradesh, a scientific paper, published in the Journal of Veterinary Science in June 2012, has brought to light, for the first time, that a virus, generally found in domestic livestock, has been spotted in Asiatic Lions in Gir.

The virus called peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) has been detected in frozen pooled tissue samples of a dead Asiatic Lion by a group of seven veterinary scientists from different institutes with help from Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI).

The issue has gained significance now because a wildlife health expert with Britain’s Royal Veterinary College Dr Richard Kock has expressed concern about the findings of this paper and has recently written to Dr YV Jhala of Wildlife Institute of India to investigate the matter.

DNA India
17 May 2013
Location: Gir Forest National Park, Gujarat, India



Badger ammo plant salamanders stay youthful, but have virus

They might be lucky when it comes to staying young, but it appears the now-famous Badger Army Ammunition Plant salamanders are less fortunate when it comes to staying healthy.

Recent tests revealed the amphibians that dwell within old reservoirs at the former weapons plant south of Baraboo have a virus. Researchers have studied the salamanders because of their unusual ability to maintain youthful characteristics

...Considering the recently discovered virus among the population, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources now is trying to determine whether it would be wise to relocate the small amphibians.

“We’re still determining to what extent the virus is present in the salamanders,” said Mark Aquino, a DNR regional director. “It’s nothing new, and it’s not an unknown virus. It really isn’t even related to the fact they have this unusual life history. It’s just a matter of whether it’s OK to relocate them to areas where the virus may not be present.”

Wisconsin State Journal
17 May 2013



What is killing the giant ‘Ocean Sunfish’ off the coast of Chile?

Giant Ocean Sunfish in Bali, Indonesia
Photo credit: Kevin Deacon
Several specimens of Ocean Sunfish have washed ashore along the coast of Chile in recent months. The gigantic fishes, always in solitary, cast aground on sandy beaches and the cause of their death remains a mystery to researchers.

The latest sunfish stranding occurred two days ago (Wednesday May 15) on the beach “El Colorado” of the northern Chilean port of Iquique. The huge marine animal was found on a sector of the beach hit by large waves. Members of conservation organizations, Kaitieki and Sea Shepherd, attended to the site to attempt a rescue or to collect data, according to local media.

The sunfish measured almost 2 meters long by 1.5 meter high and weighed about 800 kilograms. It had no visible wounds or lacerations, and based on the condition of fish, it washed to the shore after dying offshore within the previous two days.

The death of a fish of this species has become a recurrent event on beaches along the Chilean coast. On 24 April, a fish of this species was found dead on the same beach. In January this year, another specimen was found dead near Castro in Chiloé Island, located in the south of Chile. On March 15, another fish of this species was found dead on rockeries of islet “El Alacrán” of Arica, Chile’s northernmost port. And on March 2012, a sunfish stranded on a beach in Dalcahue, also in the Island of Chiloé.

Despite detailed inspections by specialists, the causes of death of these fish are not apparent and remain a mystery. Because of their size, in the range of 300-800 kilos, these fish would be still relatively young.

Digital Journal
17 May 2013
II Solar
Location: Playa El Colorado, Chile - Map It


Spring Brings Flowers and the Dreaded Mosquito: West Nile Virus Hotlines are Open to Receive Dead Bird Reports

Homepage of the Wildlife Health Event Reporter.  The colored pins
on the map show where a report was recently made.
As the West Nile Virus season blooms, in addition to calling your state hotline, consider also reporting your sick/dead bird sightings to the Wildlife Health Event Reporter (WHER), www.wher.org. Yea, we recognize it is an extra step for you, but your observation is that important.

By entering your report into WHER, it will reach a wider audience. In almost near real-time, (yup, it is that fast), it becomes available to anyone who is interested or needs this information (e.g. wildlife disease specialists, wildlife rehabilitators, public health officials, domestic animal veterinarians, wildlife state agencies, and concerned citizens). We are all about sharing the information to help increase awareness and gain a better understanding of wildlife health events.

Contribute to a healthy ecosystem that is inhabited by healthy, happy people and animals! Create your WHER account today!

Need help email us at wher@wdin.org or call at 608.616.9437.

States with Open Hotlines Reported in the News
West Nile Virus Hotline Open; Report Dead Birds [Illinois, USA]
West Nile virus tracking resumes; public asked to report dead birds online [Washington, USA]

Other West Nile News


OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
Rabies News

One Health News Corner
Huh?! That's Interesting!
 
It Ain't All Bad News
The New York based wildlife rehabilitation organization, Into the Wild Inc., has chosen to focus on the conservation of bats native to New York State, in an effort to combat the negative effects that the White Nose Syndrome (WNS) epidemic is having on native bat populations.

Through their Bat Conservation Project, Into the Wild is educating the public about the benefits of bats to the ecosystem and human health. They are also busy building bat houses to promote healthy bat populations. Read about their conservation efforts here at: http://www.intothewildinc.org/bat-conservation-project.html.




May 17, 2013

Fatal fungus found in third major amphibian group, caecilians and other wildlife disease news

TOP STORIES

Climate change brings disease threat for polar bears

With its habitats shrinking and food supplies dwindling, the fate of the polar bear looks grim in the face of climate change . Now comes news that the iconic Arctic mammal may face another potentially devastating threat: it may be particularly vulnerable to new pathogens moving northwards as a result of warming.

Diana Weber, who works at both the New College of Florida, Sarasota, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York, led a team that sequenced DNA from 98 polar bears in Canada. They looked specifically for genes coding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) – a molecule found on the surface of cells that acts as a crucial component of the immune systems of most vertebrates.

New Scientist
15 May 2013
S Bhattacharya



Fatal fungus found in third major amphibian group, caecilians

Scientists took skin swabs from more than 200
wild-caught caecilians to test for the potentially
deadly chytrid fungus
It is known as the amphibian chytrid fungus and can cause a deadly disease that is decimating some of the world's frogs, toads, newts and salamanders. However, the fungus had not been detected in the other lesser-known major group of amphibians, the caecilians, until now.

An international team led by scientists at the Natural History Museum and Zoological Society of London (ZSL) have found the first cases of chytrid fungus infections in caecilians. They report their findings today in the journal EcoHealth.

More than 200 caecilians caught from the wild had DNA tests carried out on swabs of their skin to check for the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The study included 29 caecilian species from 5 countries in Africa and South America, which is the largest genetic survey of this fungus in caecilians to date.

National History Museum
15 May 2013

Cited Journal Article

Other Chytridiomycosis News


Can a Mosquito Kill a Killer Whale? Yes, Says New Case Report

It sounds almost impossible. How could a tiny mosquito possibly kill one of the top predators in the ocean? According to a new peer-reviewed case report published in the Journal of Marine Mammals and Their Ecology, it’s because they lived in captivity.

“Orca (Orcinus Orca) Captivity and Vulnerability to Mosquito-transmitted Viruses,” co-authored by John Jett and Jeffrey Ventre, queries the role of captivity and husbandry procedures in lowering the immune system of captive orcas. The duo, who are former SeaWorld trainers, directly correlated the death of two SeaWorld killer whales to their environment and disease-carrying mosquitoes.

“Although unreported in wild orca populations,” Jett and Ventre noted, “mosquito-transmitted diseases have killed at least two captive orcas in U.S. theme parks.”

Decoded Science
14 May 2013




What If There Is No Happy Ending? Science Communication as a Path to Change

... Over the next 12 years, I watched as entire communities of amphibians – hundreds of animals and over 100 species of frogs and salamanders – succumbed to chytridiomycosis, the fungal disease caused by that fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd for short). It was stunningly fast. Entire valleys would be wiped out in a few months. It was devastating. We worked furiously to document and understand what was happening, driven to tell the world about what we were seeing. We cranked out definitive papers. More importantly, though, I felt personally responsible doing something.

For me, that ‘something’ was going to take skills you just don’t learn in the lab or the field, so I applied for communication and leadership training through the Leopold Leadership Program. I wanted to learn how to better communicate lessons learned from the amphibian extinction I had observed in the hopes of alerting others and preventing new extinctions. I put my freshly honed communication skills to work, describing what we had seen in the field, and the impacts of those declines on populations, communities, and ecosystems. I gave lots of talks to many kinds of groups – colleagues, hobbyists, zookeepers. I always hoped that somebody in the audience would have the right bit of information to understand where this fungus came from, how it worked, and how we might control it.

I am struggling to find a new message, one that moves past the death and destruction I have witnessed and beyond the feelings of helplessness and frustration, but one that is still honest and useful....

Scientific American
15 May 2013
K Lips



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH NEWS
White-Nose Syndrome News
Coral Reef Health News
Avian Influenza News 
One Health News Corner
It Ain't All Bad News


May 15, 2013

Wildlife Disease Journal Digest

Browse complete Digest publication library here.

Trait-mediated indirect effects, predators, and disease: test of a size-based model
Oecologia. 2013 May 8. [Epub ahead of print]
CR Bertram et al.

Towards a new, ecologically targeted approach to monitoring wild bird populations for avian influenza viruses
Epidemiol Infect. 2013 May;141(5):1050-60. doi: 10.1017/S0950268812001732. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
CU Schoene et al.

Targeting surveillance for zoonotic virus discovery
Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 May;19(5):743-7. doi: 10.3201/eid1905.121042.
J Levinson et al.

The study of parasite sharing for surveillance of zoonotic diseases
Environ. Res. Lett. 2013; 8 015036 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015036
Maxwell J Farrell et al.

The opportunistic nature of Trichinella—Exploitation of new geographies and habitats
Veterinary Parasitology. 2013 May 20; 194(2-4): Pages 128–132
Special Issue: 13th International Conference on Trichinellosis
E Pozio et al.

Zoonotic disease risk perceptions and infection control practices of Australian veterinarians: Call for change in work culture
Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2013; [Epub ahead of print 2013 May 08]
K Dowd et al.

Balancing biodiversity with agriculture: Land sharing mitigates avian malaria prevalence
Conservation Letters. 2013 Apr ; 6(2): 125–131. [Epub ahead of print 2013 Jan 02]. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00302.x
CD Mendenhall et al.

Intranasal Inoculation of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Lyophilized Chronic Wasting Disease Prion Particulate Complexed to Montmorillonite Clay
PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(5): e62455. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062455
TA Nichols et al.

Influenza. Despite large research effort, H7N9 continues to baffle [Online abstract not available]
Science. 2013 Apr 26;340(6131):414-5. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6131.414.
M Hvistendahl et al.
Comment in: Don't cull wild birds yet. [Science. 2013][Online abstract not available]

Usutu Virus Persistence and West Nile Virus Inactivity in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) in 2011
PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(5): e63978. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063978
M Calzolari et al.

Centrality in primate–parasite networks reveals the potential for the transmission of emerging infectious diseases to humans
PNAS. 2013; 2013 May 07; 110(19): 7738-7741. [Epub ahead of print 2013 Apr 22]. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1220716110
JM Gomeza et al.

Networks of wildlife translocations in developing countries: an emerging conservation issue?
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2013; doi: 10.1890/120213
JR Goss and GS Cumming

Mosquito and West Nile virus surveillance in northeast Montana, U.S.A., 2005 and 2006.
Med Vet Entomol. 2013 May 6. doi: 10.1111/mve.12011. [Epub ahead of print]
KM Friesen and GD Johnson

Migratory strategies of waterbirds shape the continental-scale dispersal of aquatic organisms
Ecography. 2013 Apr; 36(4): 430–438. [Epub ahead of print 2012 Oct 09]. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07588.x
DS Viana et al.

May 13, 2013

Right Whale Die-Off Continues to Puzzle and more wildlife disease news stories

TOP STORIES

NOAA scientists study diseased corals

A team of government scientists has wrapped up its visit to Kauai to get a look at the island's diseased coral reefs but will be back this summer for a second look...."Their game plan is to come back in a couple months, sometime this summer, to go back to all the same locations to see how much the disease has spread and how many corals it has killed," he said.

Last year, scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Hawaii got a look at what is happening in the diseased reefs. In a November 2012 report, Thierry Work, head of infectious disease for USGS, described the rapidly-spreading disease on Kauai as an "epidemic." He said the term still applies.

"It's unlike anything I've seen anywhere else," he told the Garden Island on Tuesday. "What we're seeing here is truly unprecedented."

SF Gate
08 May 2013
Location: Kauai, Hawaii, USA


More Coral Reef News


Right Whale Die-Off Continues to Puzzle

Scientists still don't know why hundreds of baby southern right whales are turning up dead around Patagonia, a decade after observers first saw signs of the worst die-off on record for the species, according to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS).

With no evidence of infectious diseases or deadly toxins in whale tissue samples, scientists are scrambling to determine a cause of death. Some are even pointing a finger at blubber-eating birds.

... "The attacks are very painful and cause large, deep lesions, particularly on the backs of young 2-6 week-old calves," the researchers said in a statement from WCS. "This harassment can last for hours at a time. As a result, right whale mothers and their calves are expending much precious energy during a time of year when mothers are fasting and at a site where little to no food is available to replenish fat reserves."
Discovery News
10 May 2013
M Gannon
Location: Patagonia, South America



OTHER WILDLIFE HEALTH RELATED NEWS
Chronic Wasting Disease News
Fish Health News
One Health News Corner
Huh?! That's Interesting!
Plague Helped Bring Down Roman Empire, Graveyard Suggests

May 10, 2013

In the Spotlight: A New Look for the Australian Wildlife Health Network

The Australian Wildlife Health Network
A guest blogger on the Wildlife Disease News Digest

The Australian Wildlife Health Network (AWHN) recently updated the look and feel of our website. Our main home page address can still be found at: www.wildlifehealth.org.au but you will need to update any other shortcuts you have to other areas of the website.

Have a look around the website and check out what’s new!  For example, we have a new Resources page  (this replaces our previous ‘Bulletin Board”) which provides links to current wildlife health information and resources using a number of different categories and areas of interest with a focus on Australia. Click on the link and explore.

We have also reorganised our Useful Links page. If you would like to post some news or a key wildlife health resource – please let us know.  Find out more about our Programs and Projects or download our current or previous Newsletters. And of course our Fact Sheets are also still available.

For those living or visiting Australia, don't forget that you can report any suspicious signs of disease or deaths in wildlife by contacting your local AWHN Wildlife Coordinator.

An Invitation to the Network

The AWHN aims to link, inform and support people and organisations who work with or have an interest in wildlife health across Australia through technical advice, facilitation, communications and professional support. By joining the Network, you become an AWHN subscriber whose benefits include:
  • Receiving a weekly electronic digest by email of wildlife health information relevant to Australia and the Region
  • Receiving ad hoc disease incident notifications and information requests via email, and
  • The opportunity to contribute articles, requests and information to the digest
Learn how to join at: http://www.wildlifehealth.org.au/AboutUs1/JointheNetwork.aspx 

A Big Thanks!

AWHN would like to thank all of our Supporters (click on link to view who they are) and say a special thank you to everyone involved in updating the website.

Sincerely,
The Australian Wildlife Health Network Team


Share What You Know: Be Our Next Guest Writer for the Digest

Since the inception of the Wildlife Disease News Digest, we have always encouraged you, our readers, to share your wildlife health related announcements.  If you are excited about something happening in your organization or with your work, we, along with the rest of the Digest community, want to hear about it.

Use the Digest to share your announcements about the latest wildlife disease developments, education and employment opportunities, or any other tidbits of information that you feel is valuable. Don't be shy.  If you don't want to write your own announcement, just tell us about it and we will take it from there, but you have to email us your ideas at digest@wdin.org.  Help your community of Digest readers stay abreast of the ever changing landscape of wildlife disease.

May 9, 2013

Mercury exposure linked to dramatic decline in Arctic foxes and other wildlife health news stories

TOP STORIES

Wildlife Health Bulletin: Avian Influenza A(H7N9) in China

This bulletin provides information on the current situation regarding the avian influenza A(H7N9) outbreak in China and preparations at the USGS National Wildlife Health Center. At this time, the People’s Republic of China has reported over 120 cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) infection in people, with an approximate case fatality rate of 20 percent.

Presently, there is no evidence of sustained humanto-human transmission. The source of human infection is still under investigation, but the avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has been isolated from healthy ducks, pigeons, chickens, and quail in live bird markets in Shanghai and neighboring provinces. Concern exists within China and among other countries about the potential spread of virus.

USGS National Wildlife Health Center
03 May 2013




News on Environmental Toxins: Mercury exposure linked to dramatic decline in Arctic foxes

On one Russian island where the population of foxes has crashed, the researchers believe the toxin has played a key role in the decline. They say the findings could have important implications for conservation. The data is published in the Journal, PLOS ONE.

Mercury levels in the world's oceans have doubled over the past 100 years, according to the UN, with more mercury deposited in the Arctic than on any other part of the planet. The Arctic Council says there has been a ten-fold increase in the levels of mercury found in top predators in the region over the past 150 years.

... Now a team of researchers says it has found significant levels of mercury in different populations of Arctic foxes in different environments.
BBC News
06 May 2013
M McGrath


Cited Journal Article
N Bocharova et al. (2013) Correlates between Feeding Ecology and Mercury Levels in Historical and Modern Arctic Foxes (Vulpes lagopus). PLoS ONE 8(5): e60879. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060879


Climate changes could bring malaria to the UK

Health experts warn of growing threat from 'exotic' diseases

Leading health experts are urging the government to take action against the growing threat that mosquito-borne diseases, including potentially fatal malaria, could soon arrive in the UK.

The disturbing recommendation to "act now before it is too late" is being made as a growing body of evidence indicates that what were once thought of as tropical diseases are being found ever closer to the UK.

...In the UK, previously rare diseases are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. In 2001, there were 200 confirmed cases of Lyme disease, which is caused by infected ticks carried on animals. By 2011, this had risen to 959 confirmed cases, according to HPA statistics. The true figure could be considerably higher, experts believe, as Lyme disease requires a clinical diagnosis and its symptoms, such as rashes and flu, can mimic other illnesses and be misdiagnosed. At its most serious, the disease can result in blindness and paralysis.

The Guardian
04 May 2013
J Doward



Health defects found in fish exposed to Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Gulf killifish embryos affected

Three years after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, crude oil toxicity continues to sicken a sentinel Gulf Coast fish species, according to new findings from a research team that includes a University of California, Davis, scientist.

With researchers from Louisiana and South Carolina, the scientists found that Gulf killifish embryos exposed to sediments from oiled locations show developmental abnormalities, including heart defects, delayed hatching and reduced hatching success. The killifish is an environmental indicator species, or a "canary in the coal mine," used to predict broader exposures and health risks.

The findings, posted online in advance of publication in the journal Environmental Science and Technology, are part of an ongoing collaborative effort to track the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on Gulf killifish populations in areas of Louisiana that received heavy amounts of oil.

Other species that share similar habitats with the Gulf killifish, such as redfish, speckled trout, flounder, blue crabs, shrimp and oysters — may be at risk of similar effects.

EurekAlert!
01 May 2013



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May 8, 2013

Wildlife Disease Journal Digest

Browse complete Digest publication library here.


Detection of Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Waterbirds in the Rift Valley of Kenya Using Fecal Sampling
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2013; [Epub ahead of print 2013 Apr 26]. doi:10.1089/vbz.2011.0926.
VO Ofula et al.

Pathobiology and transmission of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in European quail (Coturnix c. coturnix)
Vet Res. 2013; 44(1): 23. [Epub ahead of print 2013 Mar 28]. doi:10.1186/1297-9716-44-23
K Bertran

Whether the Weather Drives Patterns of Endemic Amphibian Chytridiomycosis: A Pathogen Proliferation Approach
2013; PLoS ONE 8(4): e61061. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061061
KA Murray et al.
[Thank your fellow Digest reader for this one!]

The Novel H7N9 Influenza A Virus: Its Present Impact and Indeterminate Future
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2013; [Epub ahead of print 2013 Apr 30]. doi:10.1089/vbz.2013.999.ceezad.
RE Kahn et al.

The Human Environment Interface: Applying Ecosystem Concepts to Health
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013 May 1. [Epub ahead of print]
ND Preston et al.

Examining the differences in format and characteristics of zoonotic virus surveillance data on state agency websites
J Med Internet Res. 2013 Apr 26;15(4):e90. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2487.
M Scotch et al.

Molecular and epidemiological characterization of avian influenza viruses from gulls and dabbling ducks in Norway

Virol J. 2013; 10: 112. [Epub ahead of print 2013 Apr 10]. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-10-112
R Tonnessen

Sex-biased parasitism is not universal: evidence from rodent-flea associations from three biomes
Oecologia. 2013 May 1. [Epub ahead of print]
C Kiffner et al.

Re-Isolating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis from an Amphibian Host Increases Pathogenicity in a Subsequent Exposure
PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(5): e61260. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061260
FMR Brem et al.

Physiological and Biogeochemical Traits of Bleaching and Recovery in the Mounding Species of Coral Porites lobata: Implications for Resilience in Mounding Corals
PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(5): e63267. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063267
SJ Levas et al.

Who’s worried about turkeys? How ‘organisational silos’ impede zoonotic disease surveillance
Sociology of Health & Illness. 2013 Feb; 35(2): 200–212. [Epub ahead of print 2013 Sep 2012] DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2012.01501.x
Special Issue: Pandemics and Emerging Infectious Diseases: the Sociological Agenda
C Jerolmack

Application of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to the detection the matrix, H5 and H7 genes of avian influenza viruses in field samples from South Korea
Virol J. 2013 Mar 14;10:85. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-85.
HR Kim et al.

World watching as troubling new type of avian influenza surfaces in China
CMAJ. 2013 Apr 29. [Epub ahead of print]
C Brown

Maryland One Health Bulletin - April 2013 [pdf]
Volume 3, Issue 3

Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter - April 2013 [pdf]

First detection of Echinococcus granulosus G1 and G7 in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Romania using PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques
Vet Parasitol. 2013 Mar 31;193(1-3):289-91. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.11.044. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
D Onac et al.

Yersinia pestis DNA from Skeletal Remains from the 6th Century AD Reveals Insights into Justinianic Plague
PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9(5): e1003349. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003349
M Harbeck et al.

May 6, 2013

Seabirds Carry Warnings of Ocean Pollution and more wildlife disease news stories

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White-Nose Syndrome map from White-Nose Syndrome.org.
Posted 03 May 2013
White-nose syndrome found in Boone National Forest

A rapidly spreading fungal disease affecting bats has been discovered in Daniel Boone National Forest.

The U.S. Forest Service says white-nose syndrome was found on hibernating bats in six caves inside the forest. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources confirmed laboratory findings.

... Forest Biologist Sandra Kilpatrick says 38 bat hibernation caves were surveyed over the winter, with white-nose syndrome found in six. Those six caves are in Jackson, Rockcastle and Pulaski counties.

Kentucky.com
02 May 2013
Location: Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky, USA - Map It 





Scientists make strides toward restoring bighorn sheep in the American West

As pneumonia continues to limit recovery of the once nearly extinct bighorn sheep population in the western United States, a research team including scientists from Penn State's Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences has made key discoveries that lead to a better understanding of the disease and how it might be more effectively controlled.

..."Our findings suggest that the impacts of pneumonia on bighorn sheep populations are much worse than previously reported," says Plowright, lead author of the PLOS ONE paper. "The initial epidemic can cause high mortality, but subsequently adults—even chronic carriers—survive well, obscuring our detection of the disease. However, an average of 80 percent of the lambs die each year, and some populations continue to lose their lambs for decades, even to the point of extinction. Lamb pneumonia mortality is very difficult to detect, but it may be an explanation for the poor growth rates of many populations across the West."
Phys.org
03 May 2013
S Palmer


Cited Journal Article
Plowright RK, Manlove K, Cassirer EF, Cross PC, Besser TE, et al. (2013) Use of Exposure History to Identify Patterns of Immunity to Pneumonia in Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis). PLoS ONE 8(4): e61919. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061919


Seabirds Carry Warnings of Ocean Pollution

The best tools for tracking how well pollution-reduction laws are working may be seabirds.

Seabirds, including pelicans, gulls and terns, are at the top of the food chain, and they absorb the toxins and pollutants contained in the fish they eat, researchers write in the May 3 issue of the journal Science. And because seabirds forage over wide areas of oceans but come back to one spot each year to breed, they provide scientists with a one-stop-shop to sample from a broad geographic region.

Live Science
02 May 2013
S Pappas


Cited Journal Article
JE Elliott and KH Elliott (2013 May 03) Tracking Marine Pollution. Science. 340(6132): 556-558. DOI: 10.1126/science.1235197


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